Here are 1-2 brief analogies for Palvella Therapeutics (PVLA):

• An emerging Alexion Pharmaceuticals, but specializing in treatments for rare genetic skin disorders.

• Similar to BioMarin Pharmaceutical, but with an initial focus on rare genetic skin and connective tissue diseases.

• PTC-743 for Pachyonychia Congenita (PC): An investigational oral small molecule therapy aimed at reducing keratin production to treat this rare genetic skin disorder.
• PTC-743 for Gorlin Syndrome (GS): An investigational oral small molecule therapy being developed to treat basal cell carcinomas associated with this rare genetic disorder.

Palvella Therapeutics (PVLA) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing therapies for rare genetic diseases. As such, it does not currently have any commercial products on the market.

Therefore, Palvella Therapeutics does not have "major customers" in the traditional sense of companies or individuals purchasing its products. Its operations are primarily focused on research and development, funded through equity financing and potential future collaborations with larger pharmaceutical companies if its drug candidates are approved and commercialized.

Mr. Kaupinen brings more than 20 years of life sciences experience as an operating executive and a private and public market investor. Prior to Palvella, he served as Senior Vice President of Corporate Development and Commercialization at Insmed (NASDAQ: INSM), a global commercial stage biopharmaceutical company focused on rare diseases. Previously, Mr. Kaupinen was a Principal at Quaker Partners, a life sciences venture capital firm with $700 million under management, where he worked on several public and private investments. He has served as a board director or observer for more than 10 companies, including leading Series A investments in Intact Vascular and TELA Bio (NASDAQ: TELA). Mr. Kaupinen is also the founder of Palvella Therapeutics.

Mr. Korenberg is a seasoned executive with over 27 years of operational and financial leadership experience in the healthcare industry and healthcare investment banking. Prior to joining Palvella, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer of public biotechnology company Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (Nasdaq: LGND) since November 2022 and, before that, as the company's Chief Financial Officer from August 2015 to 2022. Mr. Korenberg was the founder, Chief Executive Officer, and a director of NeuroCircuit Therapeutics, a company focused on developing drugs to treat genetic disorders of the brain. He also served as a Managing Director and member of the healthcare investment banking team at The Goldman Sachs Group from 1999 to 2013, where he focused on advising and financing companies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical sectors. Mr. Korenberg currently serves on the board of directors, including the audit committee, of Lifecore Biomedical Inc. (NASDAQ: LFCR).

Dr. Martini brings nearly 20 years of leadership experience in R&D and corporate development. Before joining Palvella, Dr. Martini served as Executive Director of Business Development and Corporate Strategy at Marinus Pharmaceuticals, a biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics for rare diseases. He was also a Project Champion at Teva Specialty Pharmaceuticals and Cephalon Pharmaceuticals, leading cross-functional development teams for several therapeutic areas.

Ms. Kline is an experienced commercial leader with more than 15 years in the biopharmaceutical industry. She joined Palvella as Chief Commercial Officer in May 2025. Prior to Palvella, Ms. Kline served as Global Biotech Head and U.S. General Manager at Dompé Pharmaceuticals, where she led the successful launch of Oxervate®, a first-in-disease topical therapy for neurotrophic keratitis.

Ms. Goin serves as the Chief Operating Officer at Palvella Therapeutics.

Here are the key risks to Palvella Therapeutics (PVLA):

1. Clinical Trial Outcomes and Regulatory Approvals: As a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, Palvella Therapeutics' business viability is highly dependent on the successful outcome of its ongoing clinical trials and its ability to secure regulatory approvals for its product candidates. The company is developing therapies for rare genetic skin diseases, and the design and execution of these clinical development programs, which target diseases with no existing FDA-approved therapies, involve complexities and known and unknown risks, including those related to novel or subjective clinical endpoints and varying patient population characteristics. Delays, failures, or the inability to obtain regulatory approval for its lead product candidate, QTORIN™ rapamycin, or other pipeline assets, would significantly impede its ability to generate revenue and negatively impact its business and results of operations.
2. Financial Sustainability and Need for Additional Funding: Palvella Therapeutics is currently a company with no reported revenue and has incurred losses due to its significant investment in research and development. While the company has reported a "strong cash position extending into 2027" as of its Q3 2025 update, it has historically consumed cash. Maintaining financial sustainability through the product commercialization phase is a significant challenge. If the company cannot generate sufficient revenue from approved products, it will likely need to raise additional capital, which could lead to further dilution for existing shareholders.
3. Potential "Public Shell" Status and Nasdaq Delisting Risk: Palvella Therapeutics faces a risk of being classified as a "public shell" company, which could lead to negative consequences, including a potential delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market. This classification can occur if a listed company has nominal operations or assets, particularly after discontinuing historical research and development efforts. The company received a deficiency letter in May 2023 for failing to meet Nasdaq's minimum $1.00 per share bid price requirement for 30 consecutive business days. Such a delisting would severely impact the liquidity of its securities and its ability to raise capital.

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Palvella Therapeutics (PVLA) is focused on developing therapies for rare genetic skin diseases. The addressable markets for their main product candidates are as follows:

• QTORIN™ rapamycin for Microcystic Lymphatic Malformations (microcystic LMs): There are an estimated more than 30,000 diagnosed patients in the United States without FDA-approved treatments.
• QTORIN™ rapamycin for Cutaneous Venous Malformations (cutaneous VMs): Palvella Therapeutics anticipates that QTORIN™ rapamycin for microcystic LMs and cutaneous VMs combined could exceed $1 billion in U.S. peak annual sales.
• QTORIN™ pitavastatin for Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis (DSAP): There are an estimated more than 50,000 diagnosed patients in the United States for whom no FDA-approved therapies currently exist.

Palvella Therapeutics (PVLA), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company, currently generates no revenue. Therefore, its future revenue growth over the next 2-3 years is entirely contingent on the successful advancement and commercialization of its product pipeline. The primary drivers are expected to be:

1. Approval and Commercialization of QTORIN™ rapamycin for Microcystic Lymphatic Malformations (mLM): This is Palvella's lead product candidate, currently in Phase 3 trials. Top-line data for this trial are anticipated in the first quarter of 2026, with a potential New Drug Application (NDA) submission planned for the second half of 2026. If approved, QTORIN™ rapamycin could be the first approved therapy for this condition in the U.S.
2. Approval and Commercialization of QTORIN™ rapamycin for Cutaneous Venous Malformations (cVM): This product candidate is in Phase 2 clinical trials, with top-line results expected in mid-December 2025. The company anticipates broad specialist willingness to adopt QTORIN™ rapamycin as a first-line treatment, potentially leading to rapid market uptake.
3. Expansion of QTORIN™ rapamycin into Clinically Significant Angiokeratomas: Palvella plans to initiate Phase 2 studies for QTORIN™ rapamycin in this new indication, clinically significant angiokeratomas, in the second half of 2026. This represents an expansion of the addressable market for the company's lead product.
4. Launch of New Product Candidate, QTORIN™ pitavastatin, for Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis (DSAP): Palvella has announced a new product candidate, QTORIN™ pitavastatin, for the treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP), a rare skin disease with no FDA-approved therapies. A Phase 2 study for this candidate is anticipated to begin in the second half of 2026.
5. Leveraging the QTORIN™ Platform for Additional Rare Skin Diseases: Palvella is actively pursuing the expansion of its QTORIN™ platform into other rare mTOR-pathway dermatology indications. The company intends to announce new QTORIN™ programs by the fourth quarter of 2025, targeting serious, rare conditions that currently lack FDA-approved treatments.