Here are 1-3 brief analogies for OptimumBank (OPHC):

• It's like the local community bank version of a national giant like JPMorgan Chase or Bank of America.
• Think of it as a small, neighborhood bank offering traditional services, similar to a mini-Bank of America focusing on a specific region.
• It's a traditional local bank, doing what a larger institution like Wells Fargo does, but for its specific community in South Florida.

• Deposit Accounts: These services encompass checking, savings, money market, and certificate of deposit accounts for individuals and businesses to save and manage funds.
• Commercial Real Estate Loans: Financing provided to businesses for the acquisition, development, or refinancing of income-producing commercial properties.
• Commercial Loans: Lending solutions offered to businesses for working capital, equipment purchases, inventory, and other operational needs.
• Residential Mortgage Loans: Loans extended to individuals for the purchase or refinancing of primary residences and other residential properties.
• Consumer Loans: Personal loans, lines of credit, and other financing options provided to individuals for various personal financial needs.

OptimumBank (symbol: OPHC) is a community bank that primarily serves individuals and businesses within its operational footprint. It does not have a few named "major customers" in the traditional sense, as banks typically cater to broad segments of the population and economy rather than selling products to a limited number of other companies whose names would be publicly disclosed.

OptimumBank primarily serves the following categories of customers:

1. Individuals and Consumers: This category includes local residents who utilize the bank for personal banking needs such as checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificates of deposit, residential mortgages, personal loans, and other consumer lending products.
2. Small and Medium-sized Businesses (SMBs): OptimumBank provides financial services to local businesses, including commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans (for working capital, equipment, etc.), business checking and savings accounts, and treasury management services.
3. Real Estate Investors and Developers: The bank is a significant lender to those involved in real estate, offering financing for commercial real estate acquisition and development, as well as construction loans for both residential and commercial projects.

Timothy L. Terry, President and Chief Executive Officer

Timothy L. Terry has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of OptimumBank since February 2013 and has over 35 years of banking experience. Prior to joining OptimumBank, he was President, CEO, and Senior Loan Officer for Enterprise Bank of Florida. He also held senior lending, branch administration, and sales management positions at Palm Beach National Bank & Trust, Flagler National Bank of the Palm Beaches, and Comerica Bank. Before his role at OptimumBank, he was the interim president and CEO at Putnam State Bank.

Elliot Nunez, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Elliot Nunez was promoted to Chief Financial Officer of OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. on May 1, 2025, having served as CFO of its subsidiary, OptimumBank, since February 2020. His previous experience includes serving as CFO for Brickell Bank and Mellon United National Bank. Mr. Nunez also worked at KPMG LLP as a Senior Manager, where he provided assurance and advisory services to banking clients. He is a licensed Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and a Chartered Global Management Accountant.

Moishe Gubin, Chairman of the Board

Moishe Gubin has been a director of OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. and OptimumBank since March 2010. He currently serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Strawberry Fields REIT, LLC, which owns a portfolio of healthcare properties. From 2004 to 2014, Mr. Gubin was the Chief Financial Officer and manager of Infinity Healthcare Management, LLC, a company involved in managing skilled nursing and other healthcare facilities. He is a licensed CPA in New York and the founder of the Midwest Torah Center Inc.

Melissa Zureich, Senior Vice President, Chief Credit Officer

Melissa Zureich joined the OptimumBank leadership team as Chief Credit Officer in May 2022. She is a graduate of the Graduate School of Banking at Colorado and holds an MBA from The Ohio State University.

Joel Klein, Director

Joel Klein became a Director of OptimumBank Holdings, Inc. and OptimumBank in February 2012. He served as the company's interim Chief Financial Officer until May 1, 2025, and continues to be a board member. Mr. Klein has over 41 years of experience in accounting and finance, including six years as a CPA in public accounting. He previously served as CFO for Choice Drug Systems, Inc. (1989-1990) and Taxi Affiliation Services, LLC (2006-2010). Additionally, he was a Vice-President of Equilease Corporation (1991-1994) and Vice President of The Stamford Capital Group, Inc. (1994-2005), where he provided advisory services, including mergers and acquisitions.

A clear emerging threat for OptimumBank (OPHC) is the accelerating market penetration and technological advancement of digital-first banks (neobanks) and fintech platforms. These competitors offer streamlined, mobile-centric banking experiences, often with lower fees and more competitive interest rates, directly challenging OptimumBank's traditional branch-based community banking model for deposits and basic transactional services. This digital disruption represents a fundamental shift in customer preferences and service delivery within the banking sector, making it harder for traditional banks to attract and retain customers who increasingly value digital convenience and efficiency.

OptimumBank (symbol: OPHC) primarily operates as a community bank in South Florida, focusing on Broward, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach counties. Their main products and services include commercial real estate loans, residential real estate loans, commercial loans (including SBA loans), deposit products, and treasury management services.

The estimated addressable markets for OptimumBank's main products and services in Florida and South Florida are as follows:

• Commercial Banking Market: The commercial banking industry in Florida is projected to have a market size of $65.5 billion in 2025. This market encompasses various services, including commercial loans and treasury management.
• Real Estate Loans and Collateralized Debt Market: The market size for the Real Estate Loans & Collateralized Debt industry in Florida is estimated to be $17.7 billion in 2025. This figure broadly covers both commercial and residential real estate loans.
• New Home Loans: In 2024, new home loans booked in Florida amounted to $87.1 billion.
• Small Business Loans: The market for small business loans in Florida is valued at $52.9 billion.
• Deposit Market: Total deposits held by banks operating branches in Florida amounted to $831 billion as of Q2 2024. More specifically for South Florida, deposits in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metropolitan area were approximately $336.26 billion in Q2 2025.

Specific market sizes for other consumer loans (beyond residential real estate) are not readily available in the provided information.

Here are 3-5 expected drivers of future revenue growth for OptimumBank (OPHC) over the next 2-3 years:

1. Asset and Loan Portfolio Growth: OptimumBank has a clear strategy for sustained annual growth in its total assets, projecting to exceed $1.2 billion by the end of 2025 and reach between $1.5 billion and $1.6 billion by the end of 2026. This growth is consistently in the range of 25% to 30% per year and is largely aided by the expansion of its average loan portfolio. For example, gross loans increased to $800.2 million in Q1 2025.
2. Net Interest Income and Margin Expansion: The company has consistently reported increases in net interest income, driven by growth in its average loan portfolio combined with increasing loan yields and positive portfolio repricing. The net interest margin has also expanded, reaching 4.32% in Q2 2025, up from 4.06% in Q1 2025. This indicates effective management of asset yields and interest-bearing liabilities.
3. Deposit Growth, Particularly Non-Interest-Bearing Deposits: Robust growth in total deposits, with a significant portion coming from non-interest-bearing demand deposits, is a key driver. This type of deposit growth helps reduce the bank's cost of funds, thereby supporting net interest income. Total deposits grew to $878.87 million by June 30, 2025, representing an increase of $116.22 million compared to the same quarter in 2024.
4. Expansion within the South Florida Market: OptimumBank maintains a strong focus on traditional in-person banking services for businesses and consumers residing in South Florida. The company emphasizes its deep understanding of this local market and its ability to adapt to evolving economic conditions, suggesting continued market penetration and growth opportunities within this specific region.
5. Strategic Investments and Operational Efficiency: OptimumBank's strategic investments in talent, technology, and infrastructure are aimed at supporting its expansion and operational growth. Improvements in efficiency ratios and the ability to generate more revenue per employee also highlight a focus on optimizing operations, which can indirectly drive revenue growth through improved profitability and capacity for expanded services.

Share Issuance

• During the first quarter of 2024, OptimumBank issued 525,641 shares of Series C preferred stock to a non-related party for approximately $2,049,999.
• For the nine-month period ending September 30, 2024, the company sold 329,529 shares through an At-The-Market (ATM) offering program.
• In the first quarter of 2023, OptimumBank issued 72,221 shares of its common stock in a private placement to two accredited investors to support growth.

Inbound Investments

• A non-related party made an investment of approximately $2,049,999 in Q1 2024 through the purchase of Series C preferred stock.
• Approximately 12% of OptimumBank Holdings Inc.'s publicly traded common equity is held by institutional investors, including firms such as AllianceBernstein Inc., The Vanguard Group Inc., and Morgan Stanley.
• Four investors, with decades of experience, have made multi-million dollar investments in the company.

Capital Expenditures

• Noninterest expenses increased by 32.7% to $19.5 million in 2024, partly due to strategic investments in talent, technology, and infrastructure.
• Data processing expenses rose from $1.70 million in 2023 to $2.27 million in 2024, driven by investments in advanced treasury management software.
• OptimumBank is making continued investments in talent, technology, and compliance infrastructure to ensure scalability and support its goal of becoming a top 200 publicly traded bank.