• Like AT&T or Verizon, but for electricity – they generate power and sell it directly to consumers in competitive markets.
• It's like a major electricity utility (such as Duke Energy or Southern Company) that has to constantly compete for every residential and business customer in open electricity markets.

Vistra (VST) provides the following major products and services:

• Electricity Generation: Vistra operates a diverse portfolio of power generation facilities, producing electricity for wholesale markets and its retail segment.
• Electricity Retail: Vistra sells electricity and various energy solutions directly to residential, commercial, and industrial customers primarily in Texas and other competitive markets.

Vistra (VST) - Major Customers

• Residential Customers: Households and individual consumers who purchase electricity for personal use.
• Commercial Customers: Small to medium-sized businesses, offices, retail establishments, and other non-industrial enterprises.
• Industrial Customers: Large manufacturing facilities, industrial plants, and other major energy consumers that require significant power for their operations.

Major Suppliers of Vistra (VST):

• Westinghouse Electric Company (Symbol: null)

Jim Burke, President and Chief Executive Officer
Jim Burke has been with Vistra and its predecessor companies since 2004, serving in various leadership positions. He was appointed President and CEO of Vistra, effective August 1, 2022. Prior to this, he served as president and chief financial officer from December 2020 to July 2022, and as chief operating officer from 2016 to December 2020. Burke also served as chairman and CEO of TXU Energy, a Vistra subsidiary, from August 2005 to October 2016. Before joining TXU Energy, he was president and chief operating officer of Gexa Energy, a Houston-based retailer that was acquired by FPL in 2005. His career also includes roles at Reliant Energy, The Coca-Cola Company, and as a management consultant for Deloitte & Touche Consulting. Vistra's predecessor companies have emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy, indicating a history with private equity-backed or restructured entities.

Kris Moldovan, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Kris Moldovan was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Vistra, effective August 1, 2022. He has been with Vistra and its predecessor companies since 2006. From 2017 to 2022, he served as senior vice president and treasurer. Moldovan initially joined the company as senior counsel, with a focus on finance and mergers and acquisitions. Before his tenure at Vistra, he was an attorney for Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher, LLP in Dallas and Wildman, Harrold, Allen & Dixon in Chicago, where he gained extensive experience in M&A, finance, and general corporate advisory.

Stacey Doré, Chief Strategy & Sustainability Officer and Executive Vice President of Public Affairs
Stacey Doré joined Vistra as its first chief strategy and sustainability officer and executive vice president of public affairs, effective August 23, 2022. She previously held the position of president and chief executive officer of Hunt Utility Services and Sharyland Utilities from 2019 to 2021. Prior to that, she was senior vice president and general counsel for InfraREIT, Inc., an electric transmission and distribution company, from 2016 to 2019. Doré originally joined Vistra's predecessor companies in 2008 within the legal team, serving in various leadership capacities including executive vice president, general counsel, and chief restructuring officer. She began her career as an attorney at Vinson & Elkins, LLP in 1997.

Scott A. Hudson, President of Vistra Retail
Scott A. Hudson serves as the head of Vistra's retail business, including his role as president of TXU Energy since March 2011. His career spans over three decades, during which he has held various leadership roles. Prior to his time at Vistra, Hudson held senior leadership positions with MBNA America, ChoicePoint, and LexisNexis. He started his career as a commercial lawyer, working in the energy industry for Troutman Sanders LLP.

Carrie Kirby, Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer
Carrie Kirby is Vistra's Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer. In this role, she is involved in initiatives related to talent pipeline and workforce development.

The key risks to Vistra (VST) are primarily centered around its financial leverage, operational complexities, and the evolving regulatory landscape of the energy sector.

1. High Debt Levels and Financial Flexibility: Vistra carries a significant amount of debt, reported at approximately $18 billion as of December 2024 and $18.4 billion as of December 31, 2024. This substantial indebtedness could constrain the company's financial flexibility, limit its ability to invest in growth initiatives, and make it more vulnerable to rising interest rates. The need to allocate significant cash flow to debt service payments could also impede its strategic maneuvers.
2. Operational Risks and Facility Reliability: Vistra operates a large and diverse portfolio of power generation assets, including gas, nuclear, coal, solar, and battery storage. This complexity exposes the company to various operational risks, such as unplanned outages from events like battery storage fires or coal plant fires, which can disrupt service and incur costs. Additionally, supply chain constraints can increase costs and lead times for essential materials needed for maintaining and upgrading its generation fleet. The inherent vulnerability to extreme weather events can also lead to operational disruptions and financial setbacks. The ownership and operation of nuclear facilities also present specific operational and regulatory challenges.
3. Regulatory and Policy Changes Related to Energy Transition: The energy sector is subject to a dynamic regulatory environment and evolving policy priorities, particularly concerning the transition to cleaner energy sources. Changes in government incentives, such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) tax credits, or the introduction of stricter emissions mandates, could adversely impact Vistra's project economics and overall profitability. The company must navigate these changes while managing its diverse asset portfolio and investment in renewables.

The rapid decline in costs and increasing deployment of renewable energy sources (solar and wind) combined with grid-scale battery storage is creating significant competitive pressure and accelerating the economic obsolescence of Vistra's conventional fossil fuel generation fleet, particularly natural gas assets. This trend suppresses wholesale power prices and reduces the need for traditional baseload and peaker plants, threatening to devalue existing assets and necessitating a faster, more capital-intensive transition than currently planned, or leading to reduced profitability in their generation segment.

Vistra (VST) operates in two primary addressable markets within the United States: retail electricity services and power generation (including wholesale energy sales and renewable energy generation).

• Retail Electricity Services: The addressable market for retail electricity in the U.S. is projected to reach approximately US$4.376 trillion by 2029. This market encompasses the direct sale of electricity to residential, commercial, and industrial customers.
• Power Generation (Wholesale Energy Sales): The U.S. power generation market is estimated to be approximately USD 181.94 billion in 2025 and is projected to grow to USD 307.89 billion by 2032. Vistra operates a diverse portfolio of power generation assets, including natural gas, nuclear, coal, solar, and battery energy storage facilities, engaging in wholesale energy sales.
• Renewable Energy Generation: As a component of the broader power generation market, the U.S. renewable energy market reached USD 237.2 billion in 2024 and is expected to grow to USD 549.7 billion by 2033. Vistra is actively involved in renewable energy generation, including solar and battery energy storage projects.

Vistra (NYSE: VST) is expected to drive future revenue growth over the next 2-3 years through a combination of strategic initiatives and favorable market trends. Key drivers include increased power demand, particularly from the data center sector, expansion of its generation capacity through acquisitions and new builds, strategic investments in clean energy and long-term power purchase agreements, the continued strong performance of its retail business, and benefits from realized energy and capacity prices supported by its hedging program.

Here are the expected drivers of future revenue growth:

1. Increased Power Demand, notably from AI and Data Centers: Vistra anticipates significant revenue growth from the increasing electricity demand, especially driven by the expansion of AI-driven data centers and cloud-computing infrastructure. The company has noted structural tailwinds in power markets, with load growth exceeding forecasts in its primary territories like ERCOT and PJM.
2. Strategic Acquisitions and Expansion of Generation Capacity: Vistra recently completed the acquisition of seven natural gas plants from Lotus Infrastructure Partners, adding approximately 2,600 MW of capacity to its portfolio. Furthermore, the company plans to construct two new natural gas power units in West Texas, totaling 860 MW, to address the region's increasing power requirements, particularly from the electrifying oil and gas industry.
3. Clean Energy Investments and Long-term Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): Vistra is actively expanding its zero-carbon resource fleet, focusing on nuclear, solar, and energy storage. This includes advancing construction on new solar and energy storage facilities and securing a 20-year power purchase agreement for 1,200 MW from its Comanche Peak Nuclear Plant, which is expected to support the plant's operations through the middle of the century. The company also foresees multiple opportunities for similar agreements across its diverse generation assets.
4. Consistent Strong Performance of the Retail Business: Vistra's retail segment continues to be a reliable contributor, consistently achieving strong margin performance and high levels of free cash flow conversion. The retail business is projected to generate robust earnings across various market conditions and is on track to outperform its 2024 results.
5. Realized Energy and Capacity Prices and Hedging Program: Vistra benefits from higher realized energy and capacity prices. The company's extensive hedging program, with significant volumes hedged through 2027, provides substantial earnings visibility and supports its financial guidance ranges for the upcoming years.

Share Repurchases

• Vistra has executed approximately $5.4 billion in share repurchases since November 2021, reducing the number of shares outstanding by about 30%.
• As of August 1, 2025, approximately $1.4 billion of the share repurchase authorization remained available, with completion expected by year-end 2026.
• In Q3 2025, the Board authorized an additional $1.0 billion for share repurchases, expected to be utilized by year-end 2027.

Share Issuance

• In October 2021, Vistra priced a private offering of $1 billion of 8% Series A Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, with net proceeds intended for common stock repurchases.

Inbound Investments

• In October 2021, Vistra raised $1 billion through a private offering of 8% Series A Fixed-Rate Reset Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, which was used to fund common stock repurchases.

Outbound Investments

• Vistra completed the acquisition of Energy Harbor Corp. on March 1, 2024, a $3.43 billion deal that added approximately 4,000 megawatts of nuclear generation capacity and about 1 million retail customers.
• Vistra completed the acquisition of seven natural gas facilities, totaling approximately 2,600 megawatts of capacity, from Lotus Infrastructure Partners by October 2025.
• Vistra acquired the remaining 15% minority interest in Vistra Vision, closing on December 31, 2024, consolidating ownership of its carbon-free assets and retail business.

Capital Expenditures

• Vistra continues to strategically grow its fleet of zero-carbon resources, including nuclear, solar, and battery energy storage facilities.
• In 2023, Vistra completed a milestone expansion of its Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility, increasing its total capacity to 750 MW/3,000 MWh.
• Vistra announced plans to develop two new natural gas units totaling 860 MW in West Texas and completed the 200 MW Oak Hill Solar Facility in ERCOT in October 2025.