Here are 1-3 brief analogies for MannKind (MNKD):

• The Dyson of drug delivery, focused on innovative inhaled therapeutics. (Dyson is known for reimagining common products with unique engineering and delivery methods.)
• A biotech like Moderna, but specializing in inhaled drug platforms instead of mRNA. (Moderna is known for its proprietary mRNA technology platform; MannKind focuses on its Technosphere inhaled drug delivery platform.)
• The 'Carvana' for insulin delivery, offering an innovative inhaled alternative to traditional injections. (Carvana disrupted car sales with a new delivery model; MannKind offers a new delivery method for a common drug.)

• Afrezza: An inhaled insulin used to improve glycemic control in adults with diabetes mellitus.
• Tyvaso DPI: An inhaled treprostinil used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD), commercialized in partnership with United Therapeutics.

MannKind (MNKD) sells primarily to other companies, specifically a limited number of wholesale pharmaceutical distributors who then supply pharmacies, hospitals, and other healthcare providers.

Its major customers include:

• AmerisourceBergen Corporation (ABC)
• Cardinal Health, Inc. (CAH)
• McKesson Corporation (MCK)

• Recipharm
• CordenPharma

Michael Castagna Chief Executive Officer

Michael Castagna became CEO of MannKind Corporation in 2017, bringing over 25 years of experience in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Prior to joining MannKind, he served as a Vice President at Amgen, where he guided the Lifecycle Management and Global Commercial Biosimilar business areas. He also spent a combined ten years at Bristol-Myers Squibb, focusing on medical, marketing, and sales, and directed the Immunoscience division. Earlier in his career, he was Vice President and Division Head for Biopharmaceuticals, North America, at Sandoz (Novartis), where he established the U.S. Biologics Business Unit and relaunched Omnitrope. He also held positions at Merck, Serono, Pharmasset, and DuPont Pharmaceuticals.

Christopher Prentiss Chief Financial Officer

Christopher Prentiss was appointed Chief Financial Officer of MannKind, effective April 22, 2024. He brings over two decades of financial leadership experience in the biopharma sector. Most recently, he served as CFO of ADARx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a privately held clinical-stage biotechnology company, where he helped raise nearly $250 million in funding. From April 2015 to November 2021, he held a series of finance positions at Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc., culminating in CFO, and guided the company through a successful acquisition. His responsibilities at Adamas included finance, accounting, investor relations, information technology, and facilities. During his tenure, Adamas launched GOCOVRI® and acquired OSMOLEX® ER. At the time of its acquisition by Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 2021, Adamas had an annual revenue run rate of approximately $100 million. Prentiss was first introduced to the biopharmaceutical industry in 2005 when he initially joined MannKind, serving for over six years, including as its Corporate Controller. He also held senior financial roles at InterMune, Inc. and Dynavax Technologies Corporation. He began his career in the assurance practice at KPMG LLP. Prentiss is a licensed CPA (inactive) in California and holds a B.S. in Accounting from Loyola Marymount University and an MBA from Indiana University's Kelley School of Business.

Dominic Marasco President, Endocrine Business Unit

Dominic Marasco joined MannKind as President, Endocrine Business Unit, effective January 6, 2025. He brings over 25 years of experience in driving commercial success in the biopharma and biotech sectors. Prior to MannKind, he was Executive President and Chief Commercial Officer for Envision Pharma Group, leading its technology and artificial intelligence business units. Before that, he served as Chief Commercial Officer at BioAgilytix Labs, Inc. He also held the role of EVP, Global Business Development, Commercial Group at Syneos Health, and various leadership positions at Amgen, Inc., including Head of U.S. Sales for the Neuroscience Business Unit and Global Commercial Head, Amgen Biosimilars. Mr. Marasco also had commercial leadership roles at Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals (a Novartis Company) and Quintiles Transnational Holdings Inc (now IQVIA). He began his career as a pharmacist before joining Eli Lilly and Company in sales.

Ajay Ahuja Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer

Dr. Ajay Ahuja was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of MannKind, effective September 29, 2025. He is a pediatrician and cardiologist with over two decades of biopharmaceutical leadership experience, spanning medical devices, drug delivery platforms, and biopharmaceuticals. His expertise includes therapeutic areas such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory medicine, and infectious diseases. Before joining MannKind, Dr. Ahuja was Development and Launch Leader at Kardigan Bio. He also held senior leadership roles at Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Allergan (as Global Head of Medical Affairs), Takeda Pharmaceuticals (as Global Medical Head for its cardiometabolic franchise), Pfizer, GSK, and Novartis. Dr. Ahuja practiced medicine at Boston Children's Hospital for over a decade. He earned his MD from Washington University and an MBA from Harvard Business School.

Stuart Tross Chief People & Workplace Officer

Stuart Tross serves as MannKind's Chief People & Workplace Officer, a role he has held since 2016, leading human resources activities and supporting the company's culture. He has several decades of leadership experience in the life sciences industry. From 2006 to 2016, he held roles of increasing responsibility at Amgen, including Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, responsible for Human Resources and Security globally. Prior to that, from 1998 to 2006, he served in various leadership roles at Bristol-Myers Squibb, with his last three years as Vice President and Global Head of Human Resources for Mead Johnson Company (which was owned by Bristol Myers Squibb at the time). His early career included a management stint at Towers Perrin (now Willis Towers Watson). Stuart received a B.S. degree from Cornell University and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Industrial-Organizational Psychology from the Georgia Institute of Technology.

The accelerating adoption and expanding indications of GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., Ozempic, Mounjaro, Wegovy, Zepbound) represent a clear emerging threat to MannKind's Afrezza (inhaled insulin) for diabetes. These drugs are increasingly becoming foundational treatments for Type 2 Diabetes and obesity due to their superior efficacy in glucose control, weight loss, and cardiovascular benefits. This trend could significantly reduce the addressable market for insulin therapies, including Afrezza, by delaying or eliminating the need for insulin initiation in many patients, thereby shifting treatment paradigms away from insulin in earlier stages of the disease.

MannKind (MNKD) has several key products with addressable markets primarily within the United States.

• Afrezza (inhaled insulin): The addressable market for Afrezza as an alternative to injectable rapid-acting insulin is estimated to be at least 4 million diabetic patients in the U.S.. The broader inhaled insulin market is projected to grow to $2.6 billion by 2034 in the U.S.. Furthermore, the global pediatric diabetes management market, which Afrezza is aiming to enter, was valued at approximately $5.59 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $13.11 billion by 2033.
• Tyvaso DPI (for pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease): This product, commercialized by United Therapeutics using MannKind's technology, could tap into a market of $4 billion-plus in the U.S. if approved for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Analysts estimate a potential $5 billion peak opportunity for Tyvaso in the IPF market.
• FUROSCIX (on-body infuser for fluid overload in chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease): Acquired through scPharmaceuticals, the estimated total addressable market opportunity for FUROSCIX is more than $10 billion in the U.S. alone.
• V-Go (wearable insulin delivery device): MannKind acquired V-Go to expand its diabetes portfolio. A specific addressable market size for V-Go in dollar value or patient numbers is not readily available in the provided information.

Therefore, for V-Go, the market size is null.

MannKind (MNKD) is expected to drive future revenue growth over the next 2-3 years through several key initiatives and product developments:

1. Continued Growth of Tyvaso DPI Royalties and Manufacturing Revenue: MannKind's collaboration with United Therapeutics for Tyvaso DPI (treprostinil) is a significant revenue driver, with consistent increases in royalties and manufacturing-related revenue due to growing sales and patient demand. Tyvaso DPI revenue has been record-setting, with royalties contributing $27 million in Q3 2024, a 34% year-over-year increase, and $33 million in Q3 2025, a 23% increase. The company also sees increased collaboration and services revenue due to higher manufacturing activities for Tyvaso DPI.
2. Expansion into the Pediatric Market for Afrezza: The FDA has accepted a supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) for Afrezza (insulin human) for pediatric patients, with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date of May 29, 2026. This expansion into the pediatric market is projected to unlock a new patient population and could represent a significant opportunity for Afrezza, with management projecting a potential 10% market share translating to $150 million in pediatric net revenue. Afrezza itself has shown strong recent growth, with a 23% increase in net revenue for Q3 2025 due to higher demand and price.
3. Integration and Growth of FUROSCIX: MannKind's recent acquisition of scPharmaceuticals Inc. introduces FUROSCIX (furosemide injection) into its product portfolio. FUROSCIX, used for edema in chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease, is expected to be a substantial commercial growth driver. The company submitted a supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for a FUROSCIX ReadyFlow Autoinjector in Q3 2025, with a launch anticipated in Q3 2026, further supporting its market penetration. FUROSCIX revenue reached $47.1 million year-to-date in Q3 2025, a 95% increase over the same period in 2024.
4. Advancement of Pipeline Products (MNKD-101 and MNKD-201): MannKind is progressing with its pipeline candidates, which hold future revenue potential. MNKD-101 (clofazamine inhalation suspension) for non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease is in a global Phase 3 clinical trial (ICoN-1), with interim enrollment targets achieved ahead of schedule. Additionally, MNKD-201 (nintedanib DPI) for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is advancing, with a Phase 2 trial initiated and the first patient expected to be enrolled in Q1 2026. These programs represent potential new product launches that could significantly diversify and expand MannKind's revenue base upon successful development and approval.

Share Repurchases

MannKind has not reported significant share repurchases or authorizations to repurchase shares over the last 3-5 years. The company's 3-year average share buyback ratio as of November 5, 2025, was -6.4, indicating net share issuance rather than repurchases.

Share Issuance

• In March 2021, MannKind completed a private placement of $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026.
• The initial purchasers fully exercised their option to purchase an additional $30.0 million of these notes, bringing the total net proceeds from the offering to approximately $222.9 million.
• The proceeds from the convertible notes issuance were intended for working capital, general corporate purposes, a Phase 3 clinical trial of Afrezza in pediatric subjects, and further development of pipeline product candidates.

Inbound Investments

• In August 2025, MannKind announced a significant financing deal with Blackstone valued at up to $500 million, providing funds for growth goals without impacting existing shareholders.
• The company ended Q1 2025 with $198 million in cash and investments, and Q2 2025 with $201 million, reflecting a solid liquidity position.

Outbound Investments

• On October 7, 2025, MannKind completed the acquisition of scPharmaceuticals for approximately $133.2 million in cash plus a contingent value right, along with borrowing an additional $250.0 million in delayed draw term loans to fund the acquisition.
• In the third quarter of 2025, MannKind recorded a $6.4 million impairment of an available-for-sale investment due to the write-off of the Thirona investment.

Capital Expenditures

• MannKind's capital expenditures were $0.80 million in 2020, $11 million in 2021, $7.59 million in 2022, $42 million in 2023, and $9.69 million in 2024.
• For the upcoming year, future capital expenditures are expected to be minimal as the Connecticut facility has significant capacity for device manufacturing and existing filling lines are sufficient for current and pipeline products.
• The primary focus of capital expenditures includes scaling up device manufacturing for Afrezza and pipeline products.