Here are 1-2 brief analogies for CEL-SCI (CVM):

• It's like an emerging Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, but with its primary focus on advancing its lead immunotherapy for head and neck cancer through late-stage clinical trials.
• Think of it as a biotechnology company striving to achieve breakthroughs in immunotherapy for cancer and infectious diseases, similar to how Moderna developed its mRNA vaccine technology.

• Multikine: An investigational immunotherapy currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of head and neck cancer.
• Ligand Epitope Antigen Presentation System (LEAPS): A pre-clinical T-cell modulation process designed to stimulate the human immune system against various diseases including infections, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and cancer.
• LEAPS-H1N1-DC: A product candidate derived from the LEAPS platform.
• CEL-2000: A product candidate in development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
• CEL-4000: A product candidate in development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
• LEAPS COV-19: A product candidate being developed to treat COVID-19 coronavirus.

CEL-SCI Corporation (CVM) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the research and development of immunotherapy products for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. As described, the company's lead investigational immunotherapy, Multikine, is currently under Phase III clinical trial, and other product candidates are in pre-clinical or earlier stages of development.

Given its stage of development, CEL-SCI Corporation does not currently have commercialized products that generate sales, and therefore, does not have major commercial customers in the traditional sense.

Geert R. Kersten, Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Kersten has served as CEL-SCI's Chief Executive Officer since 1995 and has been with the company since its early days, joining in 1987. He is the stepson of Maximilian de Clara, who founded CEL-SCI Corporation in 1983. Before joining CEL-SCI, Mr. Kersten worked at the law firm of Finley & Kumble and at Source Capital, an investment banking firm. He holds an undergraduate degree in Accounting, an M.B.A. from George Washington University, and a J.D. from American University.

Patricia B. Prichep, Chief Financial and Operations Officer

Ms. Prichep assumed the duties of CEL-SCI's Chief Financial and Operations Officer in November 2024. She joined CEL-SCI in 1992 and has over 30 years of experience in business operations and administration, having previously served as the company's Senior Vice President of Operations from March 1994 to October 2024.

Eyal Talor, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer

Dr. Talor joined CEL-SCI in October 1993 and was promoted to Chief Scientific Officer in October 2009. He is a clinical immunologist with over 25 years of experience managing clinical research and drug development for immunotherapy applications, from pre-clinical stages to Phase III.

Daniel H. Zimmerman, Ph.D., Senior Vice President of Research, Cellular Immunology

Dr. Zimmerman has been CEL-SCI's Senior Vice President of Research, Cellular Immunology since June 1998, having initially joined the company in January 1996 as Vice President of Research, Cellular Immunology. He founded CELL-MED, Inc. and served as its president from 1987 to 1995. From 1973 to 1987, Dr. Zimmerman held various positions at Electronucleonics, Inc., including Scientist, Senior Scientist, Technical Director, and Program Manager. He holds over a dozen U.S. patents.

John Cipriano, Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs

Mr. Cipriano is CEL-SCI's Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs and brings over 30 years of experience from both biotech and pharmaceutical companies. He is responsible for navigating regulatory requirements and overseeing the company's interactions with regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The key risks to CEL-SCI Corporation's business, which trades under the symbol CVM, are primarily associated with its status as a clinical-stage biotechnology company with a lead investigational product.

1. Clinical Trial and Regulatory Approval Risk: CEL-SCI's primary asset, Multikine, is currently undergoing a confirmatory registration study (a type of Phase III clinical trial) for head and neck cancer. The company's success is overwhelmingly dependent on the successful completion of these trials, demonstrating both efficacy and safety, and subsequently obtaining regulatory approvals from authorities like the FDA. Multikine has not yet been licensed or approved for sale by the FDA or any other regulatory agency, and its safety or efficacy has not been established for any use. Clinical trials, especially in Phase III, carry a significant risk of failure; approximately half of late-stage trials fail to show sufficient efficacy or safety, and for oncology drugs, this failure rate can be as high as 60%. Failure to achieve successful trial outcomes or secure regulatory approval would severely impact the company's ability to generate revenue.

2. Financial Risk and Inability to Achieve Profitability: CEL-SCI is a pre-revenue company that has consistently incurred significant net losses since its formation, amounting to approximately $418 million through September 30, 2021. The company expects to continue incurring substantial losses and negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future, and may never achieve or maintain profitability. It relies heavily on equity financing to fund its operations, which leads to shareholder dilution. As of March 15, 2026, the company was noted to have less than one year of cash runway, indicating ongoing capital requirements to sustain its expensive drug development pipeline.

3. Dependence on a Limited Product Pipeline: The company's near-term prospects are heavily concentrated on the success of Multikine. While CEL-SCI has other product candidates like LEAPS-H1N1-DC, CEL-2000, CEL-4000, and LEAPS COV-19, these are in preclinical or earlier stages of development. This creates a high dependency on Multikine, meaning that a significant setback or failure in its development or approval process could have a disproportionately severe impact on the company's valuation and future viability, as there are no other near-market products to diversify risk.

CEL-SCI Corporation's main products and their estimated addressable markets are as follows:

• Multikine (Head and Neck Cancer Treatment):
  • The global head and neck cancer therapeutics market was estimated at approximately USD 2.53 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach about USD 6.25 billion by 2033.
  • Another estimate for the global head and neck cancer therapeutics market is USD 2.0 billion in 2025, projected to reach USD 6.2 billion by 2035.
  • CEL-SCI has indicated a target patient population for Multikine of approximately 100,000 newly diagnosed locally advanced head and neck cancer patients annually, specifically those with no lymph node involvement and low PD-L1 tumor expression.
  • First Berlin projects a sales potential for Multikine of over USD 970 million across Canada, the UK, Europe, and the U.S.
• LEAPS Technology (for various conditions):
  • Infectious Diseases:
    • The global infectious diseases market size was valued at USD 21.70 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 33.99 billion by 2032.
    • Another projection for the global infectious diseases market indicates a size of USD 23 billion in 2025, growing to approximately USD 38.19 billion by 2034.
  • Autoimmune Diseases (including Rheumatoid Arthritis):
    • The global autoimmune disease therapeutics market is valued at USD 168.6 billion in 2025 and is forecast to reach USD 226.2 billion by 2035.
    • The global autoimmune disease treatment market was valued at USD 7.03 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 12.64 billion by 2032.
    • For rheumatoid arthritis specifically, the global therapeutics market size was estimated at USD 25.76 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 41.42 billion by 2033.
    • The global rheumatoid arthritis market size was valued at USD 67.9 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 104.5 billion by 2032.
  • Allergies:
    • The global allergy treatment market size was valued at USD 24.75 billion in 2025 and is projected to grow to USD 52.61 billion by 2034.
    • The global allergy treatment market reached US$ 22.3 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ 35.5 billion by 2032.
    • The global allergy diagnostics and therapeutics market size stood at US$ 36.55 billion in 2025 and is forecast to reach US$ 84.59 billion by 2035.
  • COVID-19 Coronavirus:
    • The global COVID-19 therapeutics market size is estimated at USD 32.54 billion in 2025.
    • The global COVID-19 infection market, which includes medication, vaccine, and other treatments, was valued at USD 26.82 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 70.31 billion by 2032.
    • The global coronavirus (COVID-19) current therapy market was approximately $9.36 billion in 2024, but it is expected to decline significantly to $1.57 billion in 2026 and $541.44 million by 2029.

Here are 3-5 expected drivers of future revenue growth for CEL-SCI (CVM) over the next 2-3 years:

1. Commercialization of Multikine in Saudi Arabia: CEL-SCI has filed for Breakthrough Medicine Designation for Multikine in Saudi Arabia and anticipates a commercialization and regulatory partnership agreement with a leading Saudi Arabian pharmaceutical company. This partnership is expected to lead to patient access and sales in Saudi Arabia, potentially representing the company's first significant revenue stream, with forecasts projecting initial sales as early as fiscal year 2026.
2. Potential for Accelerated Approval of Multikine in the U.S.: The company is preparing to commence patient enrollment in the summer of 2026 for its 212-patient U.S. Confirmatory Registration Study for Multikine in newly diagnosed locally advanced head and neck cancer patients. CEL-SCI plans to seek early accelerated approval based on pre-surgical tumor response data, which could be assessed within weeks after full enrollment, potentially by 2028.
3. Broader Commercialization of Multikine following U.S. Regulatory Success: Successful completion of the U.S. Confirmatory Registration Study and subsequent FDA approval, whether accelerated or full, would pave the way for wider commercialization and sales of Multikine in the United States and other key global markets. This would transition CEL-SCI from a pre-revenue entity to a company with a significant product revenue stream.

Share Issuance

• CEL-SCI Corporation executed multiple public offerings to raise capital, including a $10 million public offering in August 2025 and approximately $5.7 million through an at-the-market stock offering in July 2025.
• The company raised gross proceeds of $5 million from a common stock offering in May 2025.
• In fiscal year 2025, CEL-SCI raised approximately $28.3 million in gross proceeds through the sale of common stock to fund operations.

Capital Expenditures

• Capital expenditures are minimal, which is typical for a biotech company focused on clinical trials and regulatory preparation.
• Operating cash expenditures for the fiscal year 2025 were approximately $17.1 million, primarily allocated to research and development.
• Research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2025, were $15.9 million, a decrease of approximately $2.3 million or 13% compared to the prior fiscal year.