Visa (V)
Market Price (11/11/2026): $423.1 | Market Cap: $789.4 BilInvestor Relations Sector: Financials | Industry: Transaction & Payment Processing Services
Visa (V)
Market Price (11/11/2026): $423.1Market Cap: $789.4 BilSector: FinancialsIndustry: Transaction & Payment Processing Services
Investment Highlights Why It Matters Detailed financial logic regarding cash flow yields vs trend-riding momentum.
Attractive operating marginsOp Mgn LTMOperating Margin = Operating Income / Revenue Reflects profitability before taxes and before impact of capital structure (interest payments). is 65% Attractive cash flow generationCFO/Rev LTMCash Flow from Operations / Revenue (Sales), Last Twelve Months (LTM) is 52%, FCF/Rev LTMFree Cash Flow / Revenue (Sales), Last Twelve Months (LTM) is 48%, CFO LTM is 24 Bil, FCF LTM is 22 Bil Stock buyback supportStock Buyback 3Y Total is 55 Bil Low stock price volatilityVol 12M is 23% Megatrend and thematic driversMegatrends include Fintech & Digital Payments, E-commerce & Digital Retail, Cybersecurity, and AI in Financial Services. Show more. | Trading close to highsDist 52W High is -2.9%, Dist 3Y High is -2.9% | Expensive valuation multiplesP/SPrice/Sales ratio is 25x, P/EBITPrice/EBIT or Price/(Operating Income) ratio is 40x, P/CFOPrice/(Cash Flow from Operations). CFO is cash before capital expenditures. is 49x, P/EPrice/Earnings or Price/(Net Income) is 49x Valuation getting more expensiveP/S 6M Chg %Price/Sales change over 6 months. Declining P/S indicates valuation has become less expensive. is 74% Yield minus risk free rate is negativeERPEquity Risk Premium (ERP) = Total Yield - Risk Free Rate, Reflects the premium above risk free assets offered by the investment. is -2.9% Key risksV key risks include [1] global regulatory and antitrust challenges targeting its market dominance and fee structure, Show more. |
| Attractive operating marginsOp Mgn LTMOperating Margin = Operating Income / Revenue Reflects profitability before taxes and before impact of capital structure (interest payments). is 65% |
| Attractive cash flow generationCFO/Rev LTMCash Flow from Operations / Revenue (Sales), Last Twelve Months (LTM) is 52%, FCF/Rev LTMFree Cash Flow / Revenue (Sales), Last Twelve Months (LTM) is 48%, CFO LTM is 24 Bil, FCF LTM is 22 Bil |
| Stock buyback supportStock Buyback 3Y Total is 55 Bil |
| Low stock price volatilityVol 12M is 23% |
| Megatrend and thematic driversMegatrends include Fintech & Digital Payments, E-commerce & Digital Retail, Cybersecurity, and AI in Financial Services. Show more. |
| Trading close to highsDist 52W High is -2.9%, Dist 3Y High is -2.9% |
| Expensive valuation multiplesP/SPrice/Sales ratio is 25x, P/EBITPrice/EBIT or Price/(Operating Income) ratio is 40x, P/CFOPrice/(Cash Flow from Operations). CFO is cash before capital expenditures. is 49x, P/EPrice/Earnings or Price/(Net Income) is 49x |
| Valuation getting more expensiveP/S 6M Chg %Price/Sales change over 6 months. Declining P/S indicates valuation has become less expensive. is 74% |
| Yield minus risk free rate is negativeERPEquity Risk Premium (ERP) = Total Yield - Risk Free Rate, Reflects the premium above risk free assets offered by the investment. is -2.9% |
| Key risksV key risks include [1] global regulatory and antitrust challenges targeting its market dominance and fee structure, Show more. |
Qualitative Assessment
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Up 48.3% from its Mar 27 low to Nov 4 (S&P 500 up 21.2%)
The stock's rise was largely driven by strong fiscal second quarter results, which topped estimates and included a share buyback program. Other drivers included a new cybersecurity solution on July 2, 2026, and a market rally on November 4, 2026, absent company news.
Oct 28: down 0.3% the day after its Oct 27 earnings report (S&P 500 up 0.3%)
Fiscal fourth quarter results released October 27, 2026, showed increased profit and a $4 billion share buyback. However, these positives were offset, resulting in a slight stock decline on October 28, 2026, against a rising market.
Up 48.3% from its Mar 27 low to Nov 4 (S&P 500 up 21.2%)
The stock's rise was largely driven by strong fiscal second quarter results, which topped estimates and included a share buyback program. Other drivers included a new cybersecurity solution on July 2, 2026, and a market rally on November 4, 2026, absent company news.
Oct 28: down 0.3% the day after its Oct 27 earnings report (S&P 500 up 0.3%)
Fiscal fourth quarter results released October 27, 2026, showed increased profit and a $4 billion share buyback. However, these positives were offset, resulting in a slight stock decline on October 28, 2026, against a rising market.
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Stock Movement Drivers
Fundamental Drivers
The 16.0% change in V stock from 7/31/2026 to 11/10/2026 was primarily driven by a 61.9% change in the company's P/E Multiple.| (LTM values as of) | 7312026 | 11102026 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Price ($) | 364.78 | 423.00 | 16.0% |
| Change Contribution By: | |||
| Total Revenues ($ Mil) | 44,488 | 45,903 | 3.2% |
| Net Income Margin (%) | 50.8% | 51.2% | 0.8% |
| P/E Multiple | 30.4 | 49.2 | 61.9% |
| Shares Outstanding (Mil) | 1,881 | 2,733 | -31.2% |
| Cumulative Contribution | 16.0% |
Market Drivers
7/31/2026 to 11/10/2026| Return | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|
| V | 16.0% | |
| Market (SPY) | 0.4% | 27.9% |
| Sector (XLF) | 2.4% | 77.2% |
Fundamental Drivers
The 29.0% change in V stock from 4/30/2026 to 11/10/2026 was primarily driven by a 84.4% change in the company's P/E Multiple.| (LTM values as of) | 4302026 | 11102026 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Price ($) | 327.94 | 423.00 | 29.0% |
| Change Contribution By: | |||
| Total Revenues ($ Mil) | 43,027 | 45,903 | 6.7% |
| Net Income Margin (%) | 51.7% | 51.2% | -0.9% |
| P/E Multiple | 26.7 | 49.2 | 84.4% |
| Shares Outstanding (Mil) | 1,808 | 2,733 | -33.8% |
| Cumulative Contribution | 29.0% |
Market Drivers
4/30/2026 to 11/10/2026| Return | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|
| V | 29.0% | |
| Market (SPY) | 4.6% | 6.6% |
| Sector (XLF) | 12.2% | 69.4% |
Fundamental Drivers
The 25.4% change in V stock from 10/31/2025 to 11/10/2026 was primarily driven by a 52.9% change in the company's P/E Multiple.| (LTM values as of) | 10312025 | 11102026 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Price ($) | 337.41 | 423.00 | 25.4% |
| Change Contribution By: | |||
| Total Revenues ($ Mil) | 38,893 | 45,903 | 18.0% |
| Net Income Margin (%) | 52.2% | 51.2% | -1.8% |
| P/E Multiple | 32.2 | 49.2 | 52.9% |
| Shares Outstanding (Mil) | 1,934 | 2,733 | -29.2% |
| Cumulative Contribution | 25.4% |
Market Drivers
10/31/2025 to 11/10/2026| Return | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|
| V | 25.4% | |
| Market (SPY) | 10.9% | 19.5% |
| Sector (XLF) | 12.7% | 64.1% |
Fundamental Drivers
The 84.4% change in V stock from 10/31/2023 to 11/10/2026 was primarily driven by a 73.6% change in the company's P/E Multiple.| (LTM values as of) | 10312023 | 11102026 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stock Price ($) | 229.37 | 423.00 | 84.4% |
| Change Contribution By: | |||
| Total Revenues ($ Mil) | 31,831 | 45,903 | 44.2% |
| Net Income Margin (%) | 51.9% | 51.2% | -1.4% |
| P/E Multiple | 28.3 | 49.2 | 73.6% |
| Shares Outstanding (Mil) | 2,042 | 2,733 | -25.3% |
| Cumulative Contribution | 84.4% |
Market Drivers
10/31/2023 to 11/10/2026| Return | Correlation | |
|---|---|---|
| V | 84.4% | |
| Market (SPY) | 85.5% | 46.2% |
| Sector (XLF) | 88.0% | 69.4% |
Price Returns Compared
| 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | Total [1] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||
| V Return | -0% | -3% | 26% | 22% | 12% | 22% | 102% |
| Peers Return | -8% | -27% | 12% | 30% | -8% | -3% | -14% |
| S&P 500 Return | 27% | -19% | 24% | 23% | 16% | 10% | 101% |
Monthly Win Rates [3] | |||||||
| V Win Rate | 42% | 42% | 75% | 67% | 42% | 55% | |
| Peers Win Rate | 53% | 40% | 53% | 63% | 53% | 42% | |
| S&P 500 Win Rate | 75% | 42% | 67% | 75% | 67% | 36% | |
Max Drawdowns [4] | |||||||
| V Max Drawdown | -24% | -24% | -8% | -12% | -15% | -17% | |
| Peers Max Drawdown | -33% | -43% | -27% | -17% | -30% | -32% | |
| S&P 500 Max Drawdown | -5% | -25% | -10% | -8% | -19% | -9% | |
[1] Cumulative total returns since the beginning of 2021
[2] Peers: MA, AXP, PYPL, GPN, FIS. See V Returns vs. Peers.
[3] Win Rate = % of calendar months in which monthly returns were positive
[4] Max drawdown represents maximum peak-to-trough decline within a year
[5] 2026 data is for the year up to 11/10/2026 (YTD)
How Low Can It Go
| Event | V | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 US Tariff Shock | ||
| % Loss | -13.2% | -18.8% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 15.2% | 23.1% |
| Time to Breakeven | 34 days | 79 days |
| 2022 Inflation Shock & Fed Tightening | ||
| % Loss | -19.3% | -24.5% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 24.0% | 32.4% |
| Time to Breakeven | 102 days | 427 days |
| 2020 COVID-19 Crash | ||
| % Loss | -36.4% | -33.7% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 57.1% | 50.9% |
| Time to Breakeven | 158 days | 140 days |
| Q4 2018 Fed Policy Error / Growth Scare | ||
| % Loss | -18.4% | -19.2% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 22.5% | 23.8% |
| Time to Breakeven | 67 days | 105 days |
| 2011 US Debt Ceiling Crisis & European Contagion | ||
| % Loss | -11.5% | -17.9% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 13.0% | 21.8% |
| Time to Breakeven | 37 days | 123 days |
| 2010 Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis / Flash Crash | ||
| % Loss | -26.9% | -15.4% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 36.8% | 18.2% |
| Time to Breakeven | 528 days | 125 days |
In The Past
Visa's stock fell -13.2% during the 2025 US Tariff Shock. Such a loss loss requires a 15.2% gain to breakeven.
Preserve Wealth
Limiting losses and compounding gains is essential to preserving wealth.
Asset Allocation
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| Event | V | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 COVID-19 Crash | ||
| % Loss | -36.4% | -33.7% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 57.1% | 50.9% |
| Time to Breakeven | 158 days | 140 days |
| 2010 Eurozone Sovereign Debt Crisis / Flash Crash | ||
| % Loss | -26.9% | -15.4% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 36.8% | 18.2% |
| Time to Breakeven | 528 days | 125 days |
| 2008-2009 Global Financial Crisis | ||
| % Loss | -24.7% | -53.4% |
| % Gain to Breakeven | 32.7% | 114.4% |
| Time to Breakeven | 23 days | 1085 days |
In The Past
Visa's stock fell -13.2% during the 2025 US Tariff Shock. Such a loss loss requires a 15.2% gain to breakeven.
Preserve Wealth
Limiting losses and compounding gains is essential to preserving wealth.
Asset Allocation
Actively managed asset allocation strategies protect wealth. Learn more.
About Visa (V)
Visa Inc. (V) is a global payments technology company that operates at the core of the digital payment ecosystem. Instead of directly issuing credit cards or lending money, Visa serves as an intermediary, facilitating the secure and efficient movement of funds between consumers, merchants, and financial institutions worldwide. The company's primary role is to enable seamless digital transactions, connecting the various parties involved in a payment.
The cornerstone of Visa's operation is VisaNet, its proprietary transaction processing network. This robust global network is responsible for authorizing, clearing, and settling billions of payment transactions every day. Beyond this critical infrastructure, Visa also provides a suite of card products, technological platforms, and value-added services under well-known brands such as Visa, Visa Electron, Interlink, VPAY, and PLUS, designed to support and enhance the payment experience.
Visa's comprehensive services cater to a diverse and extensive global customer base. Its primary customers include individual consumers who use Visa-branded cards, merchants who accept these payments, financial institutions that issue cards and process transactions, as well as various businesses, strategic partners, and government entities. Essentially, Visa provides the essential infrastructure and technology that underpins and connects the vast network of digital payments across nearly every sector of the global economy.
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Here are 1-3 brief analogies for Visa:
- Think of Visa as the FedEx for financial transactions. It provides the global network and infrastructure to securely and efficiently move payment data and authorizations between banks, merchants, and consumers.
- It's like the AWS (Amazon Web Services) for digital payment infrastructure. Visa provides the essential, invisible backend technology and processing network that allows banks and businesses to handle countless digital payment transactions seamlessly.
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- VisaNet: A transaction processing network that enables the authorization, clearing, and settlement of digital payment transactions.
- Card Products: Various branded physical and digital payment cards utilized by consumers, merchants, and institutions.
- Platforms: Technology infrastructures that facilitate and support a wide range of payment solutions.
- Value-Added Services: Ancillary services such as fraud management, data analytics, and consulting that enhance the core payment offerings.
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The public company Visa (V) sells primarily to other companies, specifically financial institutions that issue Visa-branded cards to consumers and businesses and acquire transactions from merchants. These financial institutions leverage Visa's payment network (VisaNet), brand, and associated services.
Major customers include:
- JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM)
- Bank of America Corp. (BAC)
- Wells Fargo & Company (WFC)
- Citigroup Inc. (C)
- Capital One Financial Corp. (COF)
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Ryan McInerney, Chief Executive Officer
Ryan McInerney became the Chief Executive Officer of Visa in February 2023. Before this role, he served as President of Visa, overseeing the company's global businesses. Prior to joining Visa in 2013, Mr. McInerney was the Chief Executive Officer of consumer banking for JPMorgan Chase, a division with over 75,000 employees and approximately $14 billion in revenues. His roles at JPMorgan Chase also included Chief Operating Officer for home lending, Chief Risk Officer for Chase's consumer businesses, and Head of Product and Marketing for consumer banking. Earlier in his career, he worked as a principal consultant at McKinsey & Company, specializing in retail banking and payments.
Chris Suh, Chief Financial Officer
Chris Suh was appointed Chief Financial Officer of Visa in July 2023, assuming full responsibility for the role in August 2023. Before joining Visa, he served as Executive Vice President and CFO at Electronic Arts (EA). Mr. Suh spent over two decades at Microsoft in various senior finance leadership positions. Notably, he was the Corporate Vice President and CFO of the Cloud + AI group from 2018 to 2022 and Head of Investor Relations from 2013 to 2018, playing a critical role in Microsoft's transformation into a cloud-first company.
Paul Fabara, Chief Risk and Client Services Officer
Paul Fabara joined Visa in 2019 and is responsible for leading the company's client operations and global risk functions. Before his tenure at Visa, he spent eight years at American Express Company, holding key leadership roles such as President of the global services group and Chief Risk Officer. His career also includes serving as Global Chief Operating Officer for Barclays' credit card business, overseeing operations across 71 countries, and Chief Operating Officer of Alliance Data Systems. Mr. Fabara began his career at Providian Financial Corporation.
Jack Forestell, Chief Product and Strategy Officer
Jack Forestell is Visa's Chief Product and Strategy Officer, a role in which he oversees the design, development, and delivery of Visa's global product strategy and roadmap. He joined Visa in 2014. Prior to Visa, Mr. Forestell spent 12 years at Capital One, where his most recent position was Head of Capital One Digital, leading online and mobile banking, mobile/emerging payments, and digital product design and development. Before Capital One, he was a senior partner and a member of the Board of Directors at Mercer Management Consulting.
Frank Cooper III, Chief Marketing Officer
Frank Cooper III serves as Visa's Chief Marketing Officer, leading a global team dedicated to enhancing the company's purpose and advancing its business strategy in the global market. He is responsible for all aspects of marketing, including consumer, B2B, and client marketing, across all regions and functions. Mr. Cooper's diverse career journey includes leadership roles at Motown Records, Death Jam, AOL, Buzzfeed, Pepsi, and BlackRock. He also co-founded Urban Box Network, an online media company, in 1998.
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The key risks to Visa's business operations are primarily centered around ongoing regulatory and legal scrutiny, intense competition and technological disruption, and the persistent threat of cybersecurity breaches.
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Regulatory and Legal Scrutiny: Visa faces significant and increasing regulatory pressure globally, particularly concerning interchange reimbursement fees and antitrust concerns. Regulations by bodies such as the U.S. Federal Reserve already cap debit interchange rates. The Department of Justice (DoJ) has accused Visa of monopolizing the U.S. debit market, which could result in substantial financial penalties or mandates for changes to its fee structure and business practices. Proposed legislation, such as the Credit Card Competition Act (CCCA) in the U.S., aims to increase competition by requiring transactions to be routed through at least two unaffiliated networks, potentially eroding Visa's profit margins by reducing interchange fees. Similar regulatory efforts, such as the EU's Interchange Fee Regulation (IFR), also cap consumer credit and debit interchange fees within the EEA. Visa has incurred significant legal costs, including an additional accrual of $2.2 billion in fiscal year 2025 for claims related to long-running interchange multidistrict litigation. The company is also subject to complex and evolving global regulations on data privacy and corporate responsibility, which could impose technical and compliance burdens.
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Competition and Technological Disruption: The payments industry is highly dynamic, with Visa facing intense competition from both established players and emerging technologies. New payment methods and platforms, including mobile payments, alternative payment credentials, other ledger technologies, and increasing bilateral agreements between entities, pose a risk of disintermediation, potentially bypassing Visa's traditional network. Fintech companies like PayPal, Stripe, and Adyen are challenging incumbents with innovative digital solutions and competitive pricing. The rise of mobile wallets, cryptocurrencies, real-time payment systems, and Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services also represent evolving competitive threats that could impact Visa's market share if it fails to adapt quickly and effectively.
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Cybersecurity Threats and Data Breaches: As a global payments technology company facilitating trillions in transactions, Visa is a prime target for cybercriminals. The proliferation of digital payments has introduced greater security threats, necessitating continuous and substantial investments in cybersecurity. Visa fends off approximately half a billion attacks on its perimeter monthly, ranging from phishing to sophisticated nation-state-backed assaults. Key cybersecurity risks include credential theft, account takeover, digital skimming (where malicious code harvests payment card details from e-commerce checkouts), and real-time payment fraud. The use of artificial intelligence by fraudsters is making cyberattacks faster, larger-scale, and more sophisticated. A major data breach or system outage could severely damage Visa's reputation, lead to significant financial losses, regulatory fines, and a loss of customer trust in its payment ecosystem.
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- Emergence and proliferation of government-backed real-time payment systems and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) globally, offering alternative payment rails that can facilitate direct account-to-account transactions, potentially bypassing Visa's traditional network.
- Expansion of Open Banking initiatives and direct bank-to-bank payment solutions, allowing for seamless account-to-account transfers, particularly in e-commerce and bill payment scenarios, which could reduce reliance on card network infrastructure.
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Visa Inc. (V) operates within several large and expanding addressable markets globally:
- Digital Payments Market (Global): The global digital payment market size was valued at USD 95.5 trillion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 457.8 trillion by 2032. Other estimates for the global digital payment market size range from USD 114.41 billion in 2024, projected to reach USD 361.30 billion by 2030, to USD 147.06 billion in 2024, anticipated to reach USD 474.53 billion by 2032. North America accounted for the largest share of the digital payments market in 2024.
- Card Payments Market (Global): The global card payments market was valued at USD 28.6 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 56.4 trillion by 2033. Another source estimates the global card payments market to expand from USD 3.74 trillion in 2025 to USD 5.49 trillion by 2032. Asia-Pacific is noted as dominating the card payments market size.
- Payment Processing Solutions Market (Global): The global payment processing solutions market size was valued at USD 66.8 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 198.9 billion by 2034, growing at a CAGR of 11.7% from 2025 to 2034. North America held approximately a 35% share of this market in 2024.
- Value-Added Services (Global): Visa estimates a potential annual revenue opportunity of USD 520 billion in its Value-Added Services (VAS) globally.
- New Payment Flows (Global):
- Business-to-Business (B2B) Payments: This represents a substantial market of USD 145 trillion globally.
- Person-to-Person (P2P), Business-to-Consumer (B2C), and Government-to-Consumer (G2C) Payments: These segments collectively represent a non-B2B money movement opportunity of USD 55 trillion globally.
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Here are 3-5 expected drivers of future revenue growth for Visa (V) over the next 2-3 years:
- Growth in Value-Added Services (VAS): Visa anticipates significant revenue growth from its Value-Added Services, which include areas such as advisory, risk, and security services. This segment has shown strong momentum, with revenue growing 28% year-over-year in Q1 2026 and contributing approximately 50% to Visa's overall revenue growth in that quarter. Visa projects that Value-Added Services and new payment flows will account for half of its total revenue by 2026.
- Expansion in Commercial and Money Movement Solutions: Visa is focused on expanding its commercial and money movement solutions, encompassing Business-to-Business (B2B) payments and Visa Direct. Commercial payments volume increased by 10% year-over-year in Q1 2026 and Q4 2025. Visa Direct transactions also saw substantial growth, increasing by 23% year-over-year in both Q1 2026 and Q4 2025, driven by both domestic and cross-border activity. This area, which contributed only 5% of net revenue in fiscal year 2024, represents a significant growth opportunity for the company.
- Growth in Cross-Border Volume: Cross-border transactions continue to be a key driver of revenue. Cross-border volume, excluding intra-Europe, grew by 11% year-over-year in Q1 2026, supported by strong commercial volumes and increased U.S. inbound transactions from Canada. Cross-border volume as a whole increased by 12% in Q4 2025. This segment is considered a high-margin area for Visa.
- Innovation in New Payment Flows and Technologies: Visa is investing in and expanding new payment technologies and flows, including stablecoins, tokenization, and "agentic commerce." The company has expanded its stablecoin capabilities, with a settlement run rate of nearly $4.6 billion globally by the end of Q1 2026 and plans to scale stablecoin-linked card programs to 100 countries. Visa is also re-architecting its network to capitalize on "agentic commerce," where AI agents conduct autonomous transactions, which is expected to increase transaction density.
- Continued Strength in Core Consumer Payments: Despite the focus on new areas, sustained growth in core consumer payments remains a fundamental driver. Global payments volume grew by 8% year-over-year in constant dollars in Q1 2026, and processed transactions increased by 9% year-over-year. This reflects resilient consumer spending, which is a consistent contributor to Visa's net revenue growth.
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Share Repurchases
- Visa reported annual share buybacks of $12.101 billion in 2023, $16.713 billion in 2024, and $18.316 billion in 2025.
- As of December 4, 2025, Visa had a remaining repurchase authorization of $24.9 billion.
- During the three months ending December 31, 2022, Visa repurchased $3.1 billion of Class A common stock, with $14.0 billion of authorized funds remaining for future share repurchases as of that date.
Share Issuance
- Visa's shares outstanding have consistently declined over the last few years, indicating net repurchases exceeding any issuances.
- Shares outstanding were 2.34 billion in 2023, 2.242 billion in 2024, and 2.1 billion in 2025.
- For the quarter ending December 31, 2025, shares outstanding were 2.067 billion, representing a 2.5% decline year-over-year.
Capital Expenditures
- Visa's capital expenditures were $705 million in 2021, $970 million in 2022, $1.06 billion in 2023, $1.26 billion in 2024, and $1.48 billion in 2025.
- The capital expenditures increased each fiscal year from 2021 to 2025.
- Visa's capital expenditures margin, which is capital expenditures as a percentage of revenue, peaked in September 2025 at 3.7%.
Peer Outperformance in Transaction & Payment Processing Services
| Industry | Names | 1Y med | 3Y med | 5Y med | Top 3 by 5Y |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reinsurance | 6 | 32.7% | 70.9% | 122.4% | SPNT 194% · RGA 173% · RNR 138% |
| Investment Banking & Brokerage | 13 | -4.9% | 93.2% | 93.8% | IBKR 335% · SNEX 170% · GS 157% |
| Diversified Banks | 12 | 30.8% | 142.7% | 92.3% | CM 145% · JPM 131% · RY 128% |
| Life & Health Insurance | 20 | 12.0% | 56.9% | 85.7% | JXN 475% · UNM 267% · FG 232% |
| Multi-Sector Holdings | 3 | 17.4% | 61.3% | 73.6% | BRK-B 104% · VOYA 74% · JEF 40% |
| Property & Casualty Insurance | 42 | 16.1% | 72.6% | 68.7% | TRV 179% · ACGL 175% · PGR 170% |
| Multi-line Insurance | 9 | 9.3% | 74.9% | 60.9% | AIZ 119% · GNW 103% · L 97% |
| Regional Banks | 264 | 30.4% | 93.5% | 48.2% | CBC 280% · FCNCA 182% · NIC 141% |
| Insurance Brokers | 15 | 4.9% | 9.8% | 29.8% | LIFE 333% · ARX 90% · WTW 54% |
| Financial Exchanges & Data | 15 | 18.4% | 32.3% | 21.4% | CBOE 205% · VIRT 152% · CME 72% |
| Asset Management & Custody Banks | 84 | -5.3% | 20.8% | 14.0% | VCTR 268% · WT 239% · AAMI 226% |
| Diversified Financial Services | 4 | -6.2% | 19.4% | 7.7% | FRHC 140% · EQH 83% |
| Commercial & Residential Mortgage Finance | 15 | -36.2% | 26.9% | 1.7% | FNMA 335% · FMCC 299% · ACT 160% |
| Consumer Finance | 30 | -0.7% | 76.5% | -0.1% | ENVA 321% · FCFS 128% · AXP 90% |
| Specialized Finance | 3 | 19.0% | 29.9% | -18.4% | HASI -18% · CACC -23% |
| Transaction & Payment Processing Services ← | 17 | 23.1% | 10.2% | -31.0% | V 104% · MA 90% · CPAY 89% |
| Mortgage REITs | 34 | -17.9% | -6.4% | -39.5% | RITM 36% · DX 16% · AGNC 11% |
| Diversified Capital Markets | 20 | -51.0% | -24.7% | -68.1% | LPLA 93% · TW 40% · RIOT -50% |
Latest Trefis Analyses
| Title | Date | |
|---|---|---|
| DASHBOARDS | ||
| Is Visa Stock Expensive, Or Just Waiting On Its Margin? | 09/10/2026 | |
| How Visa Stock's Price Today Masks Its Real Cost | 08/11/2026 | |
| Visa Stock's Next Move Might Not Come From Your Credit Card | 07/29/2026 | |
| Visa Stock Pays Out $95 Bil - Investors Take Note | 07/03/2026 | |
| Visa Stock And The Number Behind The Worry | 06/17/2026 | |
| What Could Push V Stock Higher From Here? | 06/10/2026 | |
| Is The Market Missing V Stock's Upside? | 05/06/2026 | |
| Visa Stock Up 8.3% in One Day, Should You Buy The Stock? | 04/30/2026 | |
| Visa Earnings Notes | 04/25/2026 | |
| Visa Stock Now 44% Cheaper, Time To Buy | 01/24/2026 | |
| ARTICLES | ||
| The Dates That Matter Most For Visa Stock | 11/10/2026 | |
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| Is Visa Stock Riskier Than It Looks? | 10/21/2026 | |
| What Is The True Hidden Price Of Visa Stock? | 10/19/2026 | |
| The 52-Week-High List: 21 Large Cap Names On Friday | 10/17/2026 |
Research & Analysis
Invest in Strategies
Wealth Management
Peer Comparisons
| Peers to compare with: |
Financials
| Median | |
|---|---|
| Name | |
| Mkt Price | 213.62 |
| Mkt Cap | 134.1 |
| Rev LTM | 35,292 |
| Op Inc LTM | 6,350 |
| FCF LTM | 10,104 |
| FCF 3Y Avg | 10,584 |
| CFO LTM | 11,977 |
| CFO 3Y Avg | 11,601 |
Growth & Margins
| Median | |
|---|---|
| Name | |
| Rev Chg LTM | 15.0% |
| Rev Chg 3Y Avg | 11.0% |
| Rev Chg Q | 13.6% |
| QoQ Delta Rev Chg LTM | 3.3% |
| Op Inc Chg LTM | 12.5% |
| Op Inc Chg 3Y Avg | 10.9% |
| Op Mgn LTM | 18.5% |
| Op Mgn 3Y Avg | 18.6% |
| QoQ Delta Op Mgn LTM | 0.1% |
| CFO/Rev LTM | 23.5% |
| CFO/Rev 3Y Avg | 31.0% |
| FCF/Rev LTM | 18.1% |
| FCF/Rev 3Y Avg | 22.5% |
Valuation
| Median | |
|---|---|
| Name | |
| Mkt Cap | 134.1 |
| P/S | 2.6 |
| P/Op Inc | 26.4 |
| P/EBIT | 26.5 |
| P/E | 14.2 |
| P/CFO | 23.3 |
| Total Yield | 5.1% |
| Dividend Yield | 1.0% |
| FCF Yield 3Y Avg | 7.1% |
| D/E | 0.3 |
| Net D/E | 0.1 |
Returns
| Median | |
|---|---|
| Name | |
| 1M Rtn | 8.0% |
| 3M Rtn | 8.4% |
| 6M Rtn | 30.2% |
| 12M Rtn | 4.8% |
| 3Y Rtn | 39.2% |
| 1M Excs Rtn | 10.2% |
| 3M Excs Rtn | 10.7% |
| 6M Excs Rtn | 28.2% |
| 12M Excs Rtn | -7.3% |
| 3Y Excs Rtn | -33.4% |
Comparison Analyses
Price Behavior
| Market Price | $423.00 | |
| Market Cap ($ Bil) | 1,155.9 | |
| First Trading Date | 03/19/2008 | |
| Distance from 52W High | -2.9% | |
| 50 Days | 200 Days | |
| DMA Price | $386.83 | $344.31 |
| DMA Trend | up | up |
| Distance from DMA | 9.4% | 22.9% |
| 3M | 1YR | |
| Volatility | 21.7% | 22.9% |
| Downside Capture | -6.43 | 14.92 |
| Upside Capture | 79.75 | 40.05 |
| Correlation (S&P 500) | 31.3% | 19.9% |
| 1M | 2M | 3M | 6M | 1Y | 3Y | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.18 | -0.11 | 0.27 | 0.61 |
| Up Beta | -0.02 | -0.45 | 0.04 | -0.23 | 0.22 | 0.71 |
| Down Beta | 0.40 | -0.20 | -0.13 | 0.12 | 0.44 | 0.71 |
| Up Capture | 126% | 86% | 57% | 12% | 24% | 24% |
| Bmk +ve Days | 12 | 18 | 28 | 62 | 130 | 427 |
| Stock +ve Days | 17 | 25 | 36 | 68 | 126 | 416 |
| Down Capture | -104% | 11% | -12% | -65% | 15% | 69% |
| Bmk -ve Days | 10 | 25 | 36 | 64 | 121 | 325 |
| Stock -ve Days | 5 | 18 | 28 | 58 | 125 | 336 |
[1] Upside and downside betas calculated using positive and negative benchmark daily returns respectively
Based On 1-Year Data
| Annualized Return | Annualized Volatility | Sharpe Ratio | Correlation with V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | 27.2% | 22.9% | 0.97 | - |
| Sector ETF (XLF) | 11.8% | 15.3% | 0.51 | 64.2% |
| Equity (SPY) | 12.7% | 13.7% | 0.62 | 19.8% |
| Gold (GLD) | 0.3% | 28.9% | 0.00 | -1.6% |
| Commodities (DBC) | 34.5% | 21.3% | 1.28 | -20.2% |
| Real Estate (VNQ) | 11.7% | 14.2% | 0.53 | 29.8% |
| Bitcoin (BTCUSD) | -27.7% | 43.5% | -0.63 | 6.9% |
Smart multi-asset allocation framework can stack odds in your favor. Learn How
Based On 5-Year Data
| Annualized Return | Annualized Volatility | Sharpe Ratio | Correlation with V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | 16.1% | 22.8% | 0.60 | - |
| Sector ETF (XLF) | 9.4% | 18.4% | 0.37 | 68.5% |
| Equity (SPY) | 11.6% | 17.3% | 0.50 | 59.5% |
| Gold (GLD) | 17.2% | 19.1% | 0.72 | 0.9% |
| Commodities (DBC) | 7.4% | 19.6% | 0.26 | 2.9% |
| Real Estate (VNQ) | 1.4% | 18.9% | -0.04 | 47.8% |
| Bitcoin (BTCUSD) | 3.4% | 51.5% | 0.25 | 23.5% |
Smart multi-asset allocation framework can stack odds in your favor. Learn How
Based On 10-Year Data
| Annualized Return | Annualized Volatility | Sharpe Ratio | Correlation with V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| V | 18.6% | 24.6% | 0.70 | - |
| Sector ETF (XLF) | 13.5% | 22.1% | 0.55 | 68.8% |
| Equity (SPY) | 15.2% | 18.0% | 0.71 | 72.1% |
| Gold (GLD) | 11.7% | 16.6% | 0.58 | 1.8% |
| Commodities (DBC) | 7.5% | 18.1% | 0.33 | 17.5% |
| Real Estate (VNQ) | 5.9% | 20.7% | 0.24 | 57.0% |
| Bitcoin (BTCUSD) | 59.5% | 66.3% | 0.99 | 17.5% |
Smart multi-asset allocation framework can stack odds in your favor. Learn How
Returns Analyses
Earnings Returns History
Updated 11/5/2026| Forward Returns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Earnings Date | 1D Returns | 5D Returns | 21D Returns |
| 10/27/2026 | -0.3% | 4.6% | |
| 7/28/2026 | 0.6% | 0.8% | 4.9% |
| 4/28/2026 | 8.3% | 4.1% | 5.3% |
| 1/29/2026 | -3.0% | -0.8% | -3.2% |
| 10/28/2025 | -1.6% | -1.9% | -3.6% |
| 7/29/2025 | -0.1% | -3.9% | -0.1% |
| 4/29/2025 | 1.2% | 1.8% | 6.3% |
| 1/30/2025 | -0.4% | 1.3% | 5.6% |
| ... | |||
| SUMMARY STATS | |||
| # Positive | 11 | 15 | 14 |
| # Negative | 13 | 9 | 9 |
| Median Positive | 2.9% | 2.2% | 5.1% |
| Median Negative | -1.6% | -2.0% | -3.0% |
| Max Positive | 10.6% | 12.3% | 11.9% |
| Max Negative | -6.9% | -9.8% | -12.2% |
| Forward Returns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Earnings Date | 1D Returns | 5D Returns | 21D Returns |
| 10/27/2026 | -0.3% | 4.6% | |
| 7/28/2026 | 0.6% | 0.8% | 4.9% |
| 4/28/2026 | 8.3% | 4.1% | 5.3% |
| 1/29/2026 | -3.0% | -0.8% | -3.2% |
| 10/28/2025 | -1.6% | -1.9% | -3.6% |
| 7/29/2025 | -0.1% | -3.9% | -0.1% |
| 4/29/2025 | 1.2% | 1.8% | 6.3% |
| 1/30/2025 | -0.4% | 1.3% | 5.6% |
| 10/29/2024 | 2.9% | 4.0% | 11.9% |
| 7/23/2024 | -4.0% | -0.6% | 1.5% |
| 4/23/2024 | 0.3% | -2.0% | 0.7% |
| 1/25/2024 | -1.7% | 1.6% | 4.4% |
| 10/24/2023 | 0.9% | 0.2% | 8.4% |
| 7/25/2023 | -0.7% | 0.5% | 1.7% |
| 4/25/2023 | -0.6% | -1.1% | -3.0% |
| 1/26/2023 | 3.0% | 2.2% | -1.7% |
| 10/25/2022 | 4.6% | 6.5% | 9.2% |
| 7/26/2022 | -1.0% | -2.9% | -2.6% |
| 4/26/2022 | 6.5% | 3.7% | 1.6% |
| 1/27/2022 | 10.6% | 12.3% | 5.0% |
| 10/26/2021 | -6.9% | -9.8% | -12.2% |
| 7/27/2021 | -1.6% | -5.5% | -7.2% |
| 4/27/2021 | 1.5% | 0.9% | -1.1% |
| 1/28/2021 | -2.5% | 5.6% | 9.5% |
| SUMMARY STATS | |||
| # Positive | 11 | 15 | 14 |
| # Negative | 13 | 9 | 9 |
| Median Positive | 2.9% | 2.2% | 5.1% |
| Median Negative | -1.6% | -2.0% | -3.0% |
| Max Positive | 10.6% | 12.3% | 11.9% |
| Max Negative | -6.9% | -9.8% | -12.2% |
Insider Activity
Updated 11/10/2026| # | Owner | Title | Holding | Action | Filing Date | Price | Shares | Transacted Value | Value of Held Shares | Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rottenberg, Julie B | GENERAL COUNSEL | Direct | Sell | 11102026 | 423.00 | 1,867 | 789,741 | 7,784,892 | Form |
| 2 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 11052026 | 426.79 | 34,417 | 14,688,999 | 99,064,209 | Form |
| 3 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 11032026 | 425.43 | 34,418 | 14,642,402 | 98,747,083 | Form |
| 4 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 11032026 | 416.22 | 5,875 | 2,445,292 | 6,315,722 | Form |
| 5 | Carney, Lloyd | Direct | Sell | 11022026 | 415.28 | 605 | 251,244 | 861,291 | Form |
| # | Owner | Title | Holding | Action | Filing Date | Price | Shares | Transacted Value | Value of Held Shares | Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rottenberg, Julie B | GENERAL COUNSEL | Direct | Sell | 11102026 | 423.00 | 1,867 | 789,741 | 7,784,892 | Form |
| 2 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 11052026 | 426.79 | 34,417 | 14,688,999 | 99,064,209 | Form |
| 3 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 11032026 | 425.43 | 34,418 | 14,642,402 | 98,747,083 | Form |
| 4 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 11032026 | 416.22 | 5,875 | 2,445,292 | 6,315,722 | Form |
| 5 | Carney, Lloyd | Direct | Sell | 11022026 | 415.28 | 605 | 251,244 | 861,291 | Form | |
| 6 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 10022026 | 358.81 | 5,875 | 2,108,009 | 5,444,583 | Form |
| 7 | Rottenberg, Julie B | GENERAL COUNSEL | Direct | Sell | 9102026 | 368.34 | 1,867 | 687,691 | 6,778,929 | Form |
| 8 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 9022026 | 379.65 | 5,875 | 2,230,444 | 5,760,809 | Form |
| 9 | Rottenberg, Julie B | GENERAL COUNSEL | Direct | Sell | 9012026 | 381.35 | 2,028 | 773,378 | 7,018,365 | Form |
| 10 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 8242026 | 371.00 | 17,927 | 6,650,860 | 86,112,809 | Form |
| 11 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 8242026 | 367.87 | 5,875 | 2,161,236 | 5,582,059 | Form |
| 12 | Mahon, Tullier Kelly | VICE CHAIR, CHF PPL & CORP AFF | Direct | Sell | 7312026 | 364.97 | 57,272 | 20,902,340 | 18,124,948 | Form |
| 13 | Rottenberg, Julie B | GENERAL COUNSEL | Direct | Sell | 7062026 | 360.00 | 2,027 | 729,720 | 6,625,440 | Form |
| 14 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 7022026 | 343.99 | 10,490 | 3,608,434 | 5,219,674 | Form |
| 15 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 6302026 | 340.25 | 20,970 | 7,134,967 | 5,162,899 | Form |
| 16 | Suh, Chris | CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER | Direct | Sell | 5132026 | 324.81 | 10,639 | 3,455,665 | 3,206,535 | Form |
| 17 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 4302026 | 340.14 | 31,455 | 10,699,204 | 5,161,333 | Form |
| 18 | Carney, Lloyd | Direct | Sell | 3122026 | 309.62 | 650 | 201,253 | 829,471 | Form | |
| 19 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 1052026 | 349.18 | 10,485 | 3,661,152 | 3,282,641 | Form |
| 20 | Rottenberg, Julie B | GENERAL COUNSEL | Direct | Sell | 12122025 | 345.00 | 2,027 | 699,315 | 6,349,380 | Form |
| 21 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 12122025 | 340.07 | 10,485 | 3,565,636 | 3,197,000 | Form |
| 22 | Fabara, Paul D | CHIEF RISK & CLIENT SVCS OFC | Direct | Sell | 12022025 | 331.45 | 7,556 | 2,504,436 | 8,754,589 | Form |
| 23 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 12022025 | 330.14 | 23,743 | 7,838,626 | 76,630,547 | Form |
| 24 | Fabara, Paul D | CHIEF RISK & CLIENT SVCS OFC | Direct | Sell | 11212025 | 325.93 | 2,172 | 707,917 | 8,608,755 | Form |
| 25 | Taneja, Rajat | PRESIDENT, TECHNOLOGY | Direct | Sell | 11212025 | 330.00 | 6,305 | 2,080,650 | 76,596,960 | Form |
| 26 | Carney, Lloyd | Direct | Sell | 11052025 | 336.48 | 900 | 302,832 | 830,433 | Form | |
| 27 | McInerney, Ryan | Chief Executive Officer | Direct | Sell | 11042025 | 341.00 | 10,485 | 3,575,385 | 183,117 | Form |
Investor Activity (13F)
Updated Nov 11, 2026Active managers (13F portfolio over $250M, at least 3 holdings) with a position over $5M that is either over 10% of their portfolio or held in a concentrated book of 50 or fewer total positions. Index/ETF, sovereign, bank, community-bank and charitable/donor-advised filers are excluded.
| Active Manager | Value | % of Portfolio | Total Positions | QoQ | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alfreton Capital LLP | $101.6 Mil | 33.0% | 5 | ADD +34.4% | 13F |
| TCI Fund Management LTD | $9.2 Bil | 20.4% | 10 | ADD +9.9% | 13F |
| Troy Asset Management Ltd | $493.2 Mil | 14.7% | 30 | TRIM -32.0% | 13F |
| Egerton Capital (UK) LLP | $1.2 Bil | 13.8% | 24 | ADD +25.7% | 13F |
| GCQ FUNDS MANAGEMENT PTY Ltd | $92.9 Mil | 12.3% | 11 | ADD +32.3% | 13F |
| ValueAct Holdings, L.P. | $700.1 Mil | 12.3% | 18 | ADD +34.8% | 13F |
| Consulta Ltd | $226.7 Mil | 11.3% | 13 | ADD +50.0% | 13F |
| Venator Management LLC | $45.1 Mil | 10.8% | 28 | ADD +20.2% | 13F |
| HughesLittle Investment Management Ltd. | $50.5 Mil | 9.9% | 14 | Hold | 13F |
| MFF Capital Investments Ltd | $149.6 Mil | 9.8% | 19 | Hold | 13F |
| Hudson Way Capital Management LLC | $100.7 Mil | 9.6% | 16 | ADD +21.8% | 13F |
| WELLCOME TRUST LTD (THE) as trustee of the WELLCOME TRUST | $725.4 Mil | 9.0% | 21 | Hold | 13F |
| Palestra Capital Management LLC | $227.1 Mil | 8.9% | 22 | ADD +57.7% | 13F |
| Avantyr Capital Partners, LP | $178.4 Mil | 8.6% | 22 | New | 13F |
| Akre Capital Management LLC | $495.3 Mil | 8.1% | 19 | TRIM -38.8% | 13F |
| GFI Investment Counsel Ltd. | $58.7 Mil | 8.0% | 24 | New | 13F |
| Cryder Capital Partners LLP | $119.7 Mil | 7.8% | 10 | ADD +8.8% | 13F |
| Local Pensions Partnership Investment Ltd | $352.5 Mil | 7.6% | 32 | TRIM -7.9% | 13F |
| Marshfield Associates | $379.3 Mil | 7.6% | 17 | ADD +22.0% | 13F |
| Provident Trust Co | $356.6 Mil | 7.5% | 22 | TRIM -14.0% | 13F |
| Fernbridge Capital Management LP | $114.9 Mil | 7.4% | 17 | New | 13F |
| Fundsmith LLP | $938.2 Mil | 7.3% | 34 | TRIM -12.2% | 13F |
| XXEC, Inc. | $41.6 Mil | 7.3% | 23 | New | 13F |
| Foxhaven Asset Management, LP | $230.9 Mil | 7.2% | 14 | New | 13F |
| Two Creeks Capital Management, LP | $66.7 Mil | 7.0% | 21 | Hold | 13F |
| Active Manager | Value | % of Portfolio | Total Positions | QoQ | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skye Global Management LP | $287.1 Mil | 6.2% | 44 | New | 13F |
| Kensico Capital Management Corp | $286.9 Mil | 5.9% | 20 | New | 13F |
| Foxhaven Asset Management, LP | $230.9 Mil | 7.2% | 14 | New | 13F |
| Avantyr Capital Partners, LP | $178.4 Mil | 8.6% | 22 | New | 13F |
| Fernbridge Capital Management LP | $114.9 Mil | 7.4% | 17 | New | 13F |
| Gladstone Capital Management LLP | $68.9 Mil | 6.9% | 32 | New | 13F |
| GFI Investment Counsel Ltd. | $58.7 Mil | 8.0% | 24 | New | 13F |
| XXEC, Inc. | $41.6 Mil | 7.3% | 23 | New | 13F |
| Cander Asset Management LP | $35.7 Mil | 6.4% | 43 | New | 13F |
| KR Capital LP | $26.3 Mil | 5.3% | 49 | New | 13F |
| Milestones Administradora de Recursos Ltda. | $20.4 Mil | 5.3% | 17 | New | 13F |
| 11 Capital Partners LP | $18.7 Mil | 6.1% | 19 | New | 13F |
| Palestra Capital Management LLC | $227.1 Mil | 8.9% | 22 | ADD +57.7% | 13F |
| Consulta Ltd | $226.7 Mil | 11.3% | 13 | ADD +50.0% | 13F |
| ValueAct Holdings, L.P. | $700.1 Mil | 12.3% | 18 | ADD +34.8% | 13F |
| Alfreton Capital LLP | $101.6 Mil | 33.0% | 5 | ADD +34.4% | 13F |
| GCQ FUNDS MANAGEMENT PTY Ltd | $92.9 Mil | 12.3% | 11 | ADD +32.3% | 13F |
| BLS Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S | $178.4 Mil | 6.1% | 11 | ADD +28.6% | 13F |
| Egerton Capital (UK) LLP | $1.2 Bil | 13.8% | 24 | ADD +25.7% | 13F |
| Marshfield Associates | $379.3 Mil | 7.6% | 17 | ADD +22.0% | 13F |
| Hudson Way Capital Management LLC | $100.7 Mil | 9.6% | 16 | ADD +21.8% | 13F |
| Venator Management LLC | $45.1 Mil | 10.8% | 28 | ADD +20.2% | 13F |
| Soroban Capital Partners LP | $895.0 Mil | 6.4% | 27 | ADD +19.2% | 13F |
| TCI Fund Management LTD | $9.2 Bil | 20.4% | 10 | ADD +9.9% | 13F |
| Cryder Capital Partners LLP | $119.7 Mil | 7.8% | 10 | ADD +8.8% | 13F |
| Active Manager | Value | % of Portfolio | Total Positions | QoQ | As Of | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles-Lim Capital Ltd | $52.6 Mil | 14.3% | 7 | Exited | Dec 31, 2025 | 13F |
| Dudley & Shanley, Inc. | $34.1 Mil | 5.5% | 34 | Exited | Dec 31, 2025 | 13F |
| Heirloom Wealth Management | $27.8 Mil | 6.4% | 43 | Exited | Dec 31, 2025 | 13F |
| Criteria Caixa, S.A.U. | $19.9 Mil | 6.9% | 8 | Exited | Dec 31, 2025 | 13F |
| Akre Capital Management LLC | $495.3 Mil | 8.1% | 19 | TRIM -38.8% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Valley Forge Capital Management, LP | $181.0 Mil | 5.4% | 7 | TRIM -34.7% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Troy Asset Management Ltd | $493.2 Mil | 14.7% | 30 | TRIM -32.0% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| PARUS FINANCE (UK) Ltd | $21.9 Mil | 6.5% | 37 | TRIM -15.7% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Provident Trust Co | $356.6 Mil | 7.5% | 22 | TRIM -14.0% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Fundsmith LLP | $938.2 Mil | 7.3% | 34 | TRIM -12.2% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Local Pensions Partnership Investment Ltd | $352.5 Mil | 7.6% | 32 | TRIM -7.9% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Fundsmith Investment Services LTD. | $309.9 Mil | 7.0% | 24 | TRIM -5.0% | Mar 31, 2026 | 13F |
| Active Manager | Value | % of Portfolio | Total Positions | QoQ | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TCI Fund Management LTD | $9.2 Bil | 20.4% | 10 | ADD +9.9% | 13F |
| Egerton Capital (UK) LLP | $1.2 Bil | 13.8% | 24 | ADD +25.7% | 13F |
| Fundsmith LLP | $938.2 Mil | 7.3% | 34 | TRIM -12.2% | 13F |
| Soroban Capital Partners LP | $895.0 Mil | 6.4% | 27 | ADD +19.2% | 13F |
| WELLCOME TRUST LTD (THE) as trustee of the WELLCOME TRUST | $725.4 Mil | 9.0% | 21 | Hold | 13F |
| ValueAct Holdings, L.P. | $700.1 Mil | 12.3% | 18 | ADD +34.8% | 13F |
| Akre Capital Management LLC | $495.3 Mil | 8.1% | 19 | TRIM -38.8% | 13F |
| Troy Asset Management Ltd | $493.2 Mil | 14.7% | 30 | TRIM -32.0% | 13F |
| Marshfield Associates | $379.3 Mil | 7.6% | 17 | ADD +22.0% | 13F |
| Provident Trust Co | $356.6 Mil | 7.5% | 22 | TRIM -14.0% | 13F |
| Local Pensions Partnership Investment Ltd | $352.5 Mil | 7.6% | 32 | TRIM -7.9% | 13F |
| Fundsmith Investment Services LTD. | $309.9 Mil | 7.0% | 24 | TRIM -5.0% | 13F |
| Skye Global Management LP | $287.1 Mil | 6.2% | 44 | New | 13F |
| Kensico Capital Management Corp | $286.9 Mil | 5.9% | 20 | New | 13F |
| Foxhaven Asset Management, LP | $230.9 Mil | 7.2% | 14 | New | 13F |
| Palestra Capital Management LLC | $227.1 Mil | 8.9% | 22 | ADD +57.7% | 13F |
| Consulta Ltd | $226.7 Mil | 11.3% | 13 | ADD +50.0% | 13F |
| Valley Forge Capital Management, LP | $181.0 Mil | 5.4% | 7 | TRIM -34.7% | 13F |
| Avantyr Capital Partners, LP | $178.4 Mil | 8.6% | 22 | New | 13F |
| BLS Capital Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S | $178.4 Mil | 6.1% | 11 | ADD +28.6% | 13F |
| MFF Capital Investments Ltd | $149.6 Mil | 9.8% | 19 | Hold | 13F |
| Cryder Capital Partners LLP | $119.7 Mil | 7.8% | 10 | ADD +8.8% | 13F |
| Fernbridge Capital Management LP | $114.9 Mil | 7.4% | 17 | New | 13F |
| Alfreton Capital LLP | $101.6 Mil | 33.0% | 5 | ADD +34.4% | 13F |
| Hudson Way Capital Management LLC | $100.7 Mil | 9.6% | 16 | ADD +21.8% | 13F |
V Trade Sentinel
Constructive
CONVICTION RATIONALE
Visa is successfully transitioning its growth engine to Value-Added Services, which grew 30% in fiscal 2026 and is guided for strong growth in 2027. This new layer, now over 40% of revenue with Commercial Solutions, provides a durable runway. While regulatory risks are notable, the core network's scale and profitability remain best-in-class.
STOCK ARCHETYPE
Transactional Network(Payment Volume x Take Rate) + (Number of Transactions x Fee per Transaction) + Fees for Value-Added Services Growth in high-margin cross-border transactions and the expansion of the Value-Added Services (VAS) portfolio, which leverages the network's data and scale.
INVESTMENT THESIS
Yes. Value-Added Services (VAS) grew 30% to $14 billion in fiscal 2026 and is guided to grow in the low- to mid-20s for 2027, providing a durable new growth layer for the company.
- Value-Added Services revenue grew 30% to $14 billion in fiscal 2026.
- VAS and CMS now collectively represent over 40% of total net revenue.
- Management guides for VAS growth in the low- to mid-20s for 2027.
- Fiscal 2026 net revenue growth of 15% was the strongest in 15 years.
- Core payments volume and processed transactions both grew a stable 9% in FY2026.
PRIMARY RISK
Intensifying global regulation, particularly the proposed Credit Card Competition Act (CCCA) in the U.S., threatens to mandate network routing choices and cap fees. This could structurally impair revenue and pricing power in Visa's most important market, while government-backed payment systems gain traction abroad.
- The Credit Card Competition Act (CCCA) has been reintroduced in U.S. Congress.
- The Federal Reserve is also proposing further debit interchange fee reductions.
- Governments in numerous jurisdictions are promoting domestic payment systems.
- Real-Time Payment (RTP) networks have launched in over 100 countries.
| KPI | Status | Rationale |
|---|---|---|
| Payments Volume Growth | 9% year-over-year growth in constant dollars for fiscal Q4 2026 - Stable | Payments volume growth has remained stable and robust, fluctuating within a narrow 9-10% year-over-year band for the past three quarters, indicating consistent underlying consumer and business spending on the network. |
| Processed Transactions Growth | 9% year-over-year growth for fiscal Q4 2026 - Stable | The trajectory for processed transactions mirrors that of payments volume, showing stable and strong high-single-digit growth over the last three quarters. The company processed 281 billion transactions in fiscal 2026. |
| Payments Volume Growth (Constant Dollar) | 9% (FY 2026) | Indicates the growth in the total dollar amount of purchases made with Visa-branded products, a primary driver for Service Revenue. |
| Cross-Border Volume Growth (Constant Dollar, ex-Intra-Europe) | 12% (FY 2026) | Tracks the growth of transactions where the issuer and merchant are in different countries, a key driver for high-margin International Transaction Revenue. |
| Value-Added Services (VAS) Revenue Growth (Constant Dollar) | 30% (FY 2026) | Measures the growth of Visa's strategic services portfolio, which is a key pillar for future growth and revenue diversification. This business reached $14 billion in revenue for fiscal 2026. |
New Growth Engines vs. Regulatory Threats
BULL VIEW
Bulls believe the 30% growth in Value-Added Services and 19% growth in Commercial Solutions create a durable new growth algorithm. This diversification makes the business more resilient and able to outgrow any potential compression in the core payments business.
CORE TENSION
Can 30% growth in the new $14B VAS business offset the risk of fee compression from regulation like the proposed CCCA?
PREVAILING SENTIMENT
The bull case is stronger. The growth in VAS is a current reality with strong forward guidance, while the passage of adverse U.S. legislation remains "unclear" per company filings.
BEAR VIEW
Bears argue that guided revenue deceleration from 15% to low-double-digits is the start of a trend. They see looming threats like the CCCA as unpriced risks that could structurally damage the highly profitable U.S. network model.
| Timeline | Event & Metric To Watch |
|---|---|
1/27/2027 | Elevated Client Incentive Costs Watch: Client incentives growth rate relative to gross revenue growth in the Q1 2027 earnings report. |
1/27/2027 | Peer Earnings Signal Slowdown Watch: Mastercard's reported payment volume growth, cross-border trends, and management commentary on the macroeconomic environment. |
1/27/2027 | Next Quarterly Earnings Report Watch: Visa is scheduled to report its next quarterly earnings. |
1/28/2027 | Peer American Express Earnings Watch: Peer American Express (AXP) is scheduled to report earnings. |
2/2/2027 | Peer PayPal Earnings Report Watch: Peer PayPal (PYPL) is scheduled to report earnings. |
April 2027 | Senior Notes Principal Payment Watch: A principal payment of $1.5 billion on senior notes is due. |
No set date | US Credit Card Competition Act Watch: News flow regarding the CCCA's progress in congressional committees or potential for a floor vote. |
| Date | Event | Stock Impact |
|---|---|---|
2026-11-09 | BioCatch Acquisition Agreement Details: Visa entered a definitive agreement to acquire BioCatch, a provider of behavioral fraud intelligence, for $2.4 billion in cash. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approvals. | -0.1% $422.65 -> $422.16 |
2026-11-05 | Holiday Spending Forecast Released Details: Visa's economic insights team forecasted U.S. holiday retail sales to rise 4.5% year-over-year in November and December, marking the strongest growth since 2021. | -3.2% $436.57 -> $422.65 |
2026-10-27 | Q4 and FY2026 Earnings Report Details: Visa reported record full-year 2026 net revenue of $46 billion, up 15%. Q4 net revenue was $1.1 billion, up 14%. The stock had a negative two-day reaction of -1.0%. | -0.9% $404.16 -> $400.60 |
2026-10-13 | China Domestic Business Approval Details: Visa received approval of its Application to Prepare from the People's Bank of China (PBOC), allowing it to begin formal preparations to establish a domestic bankcard clearing institution. | +0.6% $389.27 -> $391.43 |
2026-07-28 | Q3 FY2026 Earnings Report Details: The stock had a positive two-day reaction of 2.0%. | +1.7% $361.86 -> $368.05 |
2026-05-27 | Highnote Partnership on Agentic Commerce Details: The company partnered with Highnote, a modern issuing platform, to launch Agentic Commerce capabilities built with Visa Intelligent Commerce, enabling AI-initiated payments with tokenized credentials. | -0.5% $325.87 -> $324.35 |
Position Sizing
5% - 7%
NORMAL POSITION
Sizing is volatility-based: V trades at roughly 22% annualized realized (three-month) volatility versus about 14% for the S&P 500 (1.6x the market). A 5% - 7% position keeps a single-name swing of that size within a diversified portfolio's risk budget.
Diversification Alternatives
MA - Mastercard
Direct Peer ExposureMastercard offers a nearly identical business model, providing pure-play exposure to the global, four-party payment network theme. Its recent revenue growth of 15.3% was slightly ahead of Visa's.
AXP - American Express
Affluent Consumer FocusAmerican Express operates a 'closed-loop' network, giving it direct relationships with and data on its premium cardholders. This offers concentrated exposure to affluent consumer spending, but includes credit risk that Visa avoids.
Visa is evolving from a simple payment network into the 'leading hyperscaler of payments,' building a trust-based infrastructure layer for all forms of future commerce, including AI-driven and stablecoin transactions.
Visa's core business is a highly profitable, scaled global network. The primary growth story is its successful expansion into Value-Added Services (VAS) and Commercial & Money Movement Solutions (CMS), which now account for over 40% of revenue and are growing much faster than the core. The company is actively positioning itself to be the essential 'trust layer' for emerging technologies like agentic commerce and stablecoins, aiming to capture new transaction flows and expand its addressable market.
Announcements of major partnerships in agentic commerce or stablecoins, sustained 30% growth in VAS revenue, and continued market share wins against local payment schemes.
Successful government-mandated domestic payment networks that lock out international players, significant regulatory actions that cap interchange or network fees (like the proposed CCCA in the U.S.), or a major security breach that damages brand trust.
Short-term fluctuations in quarterly cross-border travel volume, or minor shifts in consumer spending in a single quarter.
Repricing Catalyst
The market fully recognizing the durability of 30% growth in the Value-Added Services business and its potential to sustain a premium growth rate for the overall company, as guided by management for fiscal 2027.
Visa — Investor Video Playlist
Industry Resources
| Financials Resources |
| Federal Reserve Economic Data |
| Federal Reserve |
| FDIC Data |
| American Banker |
| The Banker |
| Banking Technology |
| Transaction & Payment Processing Services Resources |
| PYMNTS |
| Payments Dive |
| The Paypers |
External Quote Links
| Y Finance | Barrons |
| TradingView | Morningstar |
| SeekingAlpha | ValueLine |
| Motley Fool | Robinhood |
| CNBC | Etrade |
| MarketWatch | Unusual Whales |
| YCharts | Perplexity Finance |
| FinViz |
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